Reservoir simulation is a powerful tool to mimic the formation behaviour during primary production and later on for planning enhanced oil recovery (EOR) pattern. However, all available commercial and developed scientific/academic software for this purpose is based on either finite difference method (FDM) or finite volume method (FVM). Recently finite element method started to gain more attention in the scientific and commercial practices due to its robust results and the ability to deal with complex boundaries. COMSOL Multiphysics is a finite element method (FEM)-based software, having very special features, which are different from standard reservoir engineering software packages like Eclipse or CMG, which are black box-type software. The most important feature of the COMSOL is that user can see equation and modify itcustomize for specific conditions and objectives, as well as couple different physics together and apply different solvers, which are under user's disposal. In this paper, short background of FEM will be illustrated and then the mathematical models of two-phase immiscible flow of water and heavy oil will be reviewed and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics on the famous inverted five-spot model. The comparison between the results of Comsol Multiphysics and Eclipse shows good agreement. This study is the first step in applying Comsol Multiphysics to reservoir simulation. Further steps will involve simulating thermal enhanced oil recovery using steam flooding technique and coupling Comsol Multiphysics with CMG software package to enhance simulation inputs and outputs.
Crude oil production from conventional oil reservoirs is declining owing to heavy exploitation to meet the global energy market demand which is growing on a yearly basis. Unconventional oil resources, e.g. extra-heavy oil and bitumen, can compensate for this decline if appropriate enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are developed to enable economic flow from these resources. The main objective of this study is to set the best practice for the extra-heavy oil production of the Oykino-Altuninsky uplift of the Romashkinskoye oilfield (Tatarstan Republic, Russia). A series of experimental tests are applied on a real unextracted unconsolidated core sample from Romashkinskoye oilfield where the viscosity of the crude oil is above 600,000 cP at reservoir conditions. Different recovery schemes are tested experimentally and sequentially, namely: water flooding, hot water flooding, steam flooding, and finally in-situ combustion (ISC). Furthermore, the complete experimental run is simulated by a standard nonisothermal simulator and the results are compared to the experiments. On contrary to what was expected hot water at 100°C didn’t achieve any recovery from the sample and steam injection recovered only 11,5% of OOIP. ISC-is also known as fire flooding-attained the best recovery which reached 45% after steam flooding. Complete SARA analysis of the original oil and produced oil by steam and ISC is implemented to understand the mechanisms of each process. Numerical modeling is applied to the corresponding laboratory experiments and the results for water, hot water, and steam flooding were in good agreement with the experimental results while the in-situ combustion simulation showed a better recovery factor than experiments. The laboratory and numerical experiments will improve our understanding of the recovery options of Oykino-Altuninsky uplift of the Romashkinskoye oilfield and help the developers to choose the best production sequence for this oilfield particularly. Moreover, the experiments will provide inputs for the field-size numerical model after running more experiments on unconsolidated and consolidated cores.
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