Although many bioinspired superwetting materials with excellent capability for oil/water separation have been constructed, functional surfaces combining effective separation property, biodegradability, and easy-controllability are still highly desired. In this work, a facile strategy to realize the controllable wettability on the polylactic acid (PLA) nonwoven fabric has been developed; the resulting superwetting PLA nonwoven fabrics exhibit high absorption capacity and high selectivity in oil/water separation. Moreover, the superhydrophilic PLA nonwoven fabric possesses excellent simultaneous photocatalysis degradation of water-miscible toxic organic pollutants. With the versatility and biodegradability, these advanced PLA nonwoven fabrics may provide effective solutions to oily water treatment.

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In the present study, a hierarchical Co9S8@ZnAgInS heterostructural cage was developed for the first time which can photocatalytically produce hydrogen and degrade organic pollutants with high efficiency. First, the Co9S8 dodecahedron was synthesized using a metal–organic framework (MOFs) material, ZIF-67, as a precursor, then two kinds of metal sulfide semiconductors were elaborately integrated into a hierarchical hollow heterostructural cage with coupled heterogeneous shells and 2D nanosheet subunits. The artfully designed hollow heterostructural composite exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity without using any cocatalysts, with a 9395.3 μmol g–1 h–1 H2 evolution rate and high degradation efficiency for RhB. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the unique architecture and intimate-contact interface between Co9S8 and ZnAgInS, which promote the transfer and separation of the photogenerated charges, increase light absorption, and offer large surface area and active sites. This work presents a new strategy to design highly active semiconductor photocatalysts by using MOF materials as precursors and coupling of metal sulfide semiconductors to form hollow architecture dodecahedron cages with an intimate interface.

In this study, a roasting-hydrolysis-acid leaching process is used to extract scandium from the scandium rough concentrate. The scandium rough concentrate containing Sc2O3 of 76.98 g/t was obtained by magnetic separation, gravity separation, and electric separation from Sc-bearing Vi-Ti magnetite tailings in the Panxi area of China. The majority of scandium in scandium rough concentrate mainly occurs in diopside, titanopyroxene, montmorillonite, chlorite, talc, aluminosilicate minerals, and isomorphism. Sodium salt and scandium coarse concentrate are added into the roasting furnace for roasting, which makes the fusion reaction of silicon, aluminum and sodium salt to produce soluble salts such as sodium silicate and sodium metaaluminate. Scandium is further recovered from the hydrolysis residue by acid leaching. Test results show scandium leaching recovery of 95.12% and the acid leaching residue with Sc2O3 content of 8.12 g/t are obtained, while the extraction of scandium is obvious. There is no obvious peak value of Scandium spectrum in hydrochloric acid leach residue. Most of scandium in hydrolytic residue is dissolved into Sc3+ and enters into the liquid phase. The main minerals in leach residue are perovskite, ferric silicate, and olivine.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have shown potential applications in diverse fields. However, their upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity and excitation wavelength range are limited by the weak and narrowband absorption of lanthanide ions. Herein, we introduce and validate a strategy to largely increase the absorptivity and upconversion luminescence intensity under 808 nm excitation by broadband dye-sensitized quenching-shield sandwich structured upconversion nanocrystals NaLuF:Gd,Yb,Tm@NaLuF:Gd,Yb@NaNdF:Yb. The dye molecules anchored on the surface of the UCNPs serve as an antenna which can broadly and strongly harvest NIR light. The Nd facilitates the energy transfer and photon upconversion of the lanthanide activator at a biocompatible excitation wavelength (around 800 nm) with a significant increase in penetration ability and minimizes the overheating problem associated with conventional 980 nm excitation. The quenching-shield sandwich structure can greatly eliminate the deleterious cross-relaxation pathway between the activator and sensitizer. This approach combines the merits of the use of Nd as a sensitizer, a quenching-shield sandwich structure and the "antenna" effect, leading to a tremendous enhancement of UCL under excitation at 808 nm. These well-designed UCNPs excited at 808 nm with improved optical performances will outperform conventional UCNPs excited at 980 nm and play an important role in the development of luminescent probes for future biological and medical applications.

A novel heterostructured nanocomposite UCNPs@SiO2@Ag/g-C3N4 was developed for the first time to substantially boost the solar-light driven photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4.

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SummaryThe nucleosome, the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, is a critical regulator of gene expression. The mechanisms governing changes to nucleosome occupancy and positioning during somatic cell reprogramming remain poorly understood. We established a method for generating genome-wide nucleosome maps of porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF), reconstructed 1-cell embryos generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and fertilized zygotes (FZ) using MNase sequencing with only 1,000 cells. We found that donor PEF chromatin, especially X chromosome, became more open after transfer into porcine oocytes and nucleosome occupancy decreased in promoters but increased in the genic regions. Nucleosome arrangements around transcriptional start sites of genes with different expression levels in somatic cells tended to become transcriptionally silent in SCNT; however, some pluripotency genes adopted transcriptionally active nucleosome arrangements. FZ and SCNT had similar characteristics, unlike PEF. This study reveals the dynamics and importance of nucleosome positioning and chromatin organization early after reprogramming.