The seed of 6 parental cultivars along with 15 F2 Hybrids of hexaploid wheat was planted in randomized complete block design with three replications 6 x 6 half diallel during 2016-2017 sat Southern Wheat Research Station, ARI, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Mean squares due to General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) variances were highly significant and significant for all morphological traits. It was noticed that additive, as well as nonadditive genes, were there for GCA and SCA. SCA variances were observed greater than those of GCA variances for five traits (PH, TPP, SL, SPS, GYPP) displaying the predominance of nonadditive genes, for some of the characters, nonetheless, GCA variances were more for the rest of the characters (GPS, TGW). Parental cultivars such as Khirman displayed maximum positive and desirable GCA effects for spike length and grains spike-1, Hamal for tillers plant-1 and spikelets spike-1 and Benazir and NIA-Sarang for grain yield plant-1 and seed index. On the other hand, Hamal and NIA-Sarang equally distributed negative, but desirable GCA effects for plant height. The SCA estimates revealed that Sindhu x Hamal manifested maximum positive estimates for spike length and grain yield plant-1, whereas Benazir x Sindhu was found as the best specific combiner for spikelets spike-1 and seed index, Benazir x Khirman and Benazir x NIA-Sarang for tillers plant-1 and grains spike-1. These F2 hybrids may be the best choice as a breeding material for hybrid crop development to improve yield characters. Therefore, it may be possible to take advantage of better general and specific combiners to further selection for the development of a hybrid variety of wheat which can assist to enhance the total production in Pakistan.
P akistan is the 4 th largest cotton producing and 3 rd cotton consuming country, however, the yield is low as compared other cotton producing countries (Nazir et al., 2020). The main reason of low yielding potential of existing germplasm is influence of biotic and abiotic factors and cotton production can be manage by introduction of new cotton varieties. Pakistan is leading in exporting cotton yarn and third in the export of raw material of the cotton crop worldwide (Nizamani et al., 2017). The nation of Pakistan largely depends on cotton industries with relation to textile sector. This fiber crop is on the top Abstract | The current investigations were carried out during 2016-2017 to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain in nine F 4 segregating populations for morphological, yield and fiber quality related traits in upland cotton. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F 4 populations and parents x F 4 populations for all the studied attributes which articulated greater genetic variation in the breeding material. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for all the traits. The F 4 population CRIS-134 x FH-113 displayed the highest heritability estimates for plant height (95.24%). The maximum heritability for sympodial branches plant -1 (85.30%) and seed index (82.02%) were exhibited by the F 4 population CRIS-342 x IR-3701. The F 4 population CRIS-342 x Neelum-121 manifested the highest heritability values for bolls plant -1 (90.81%) and boll weight (96.85%). For seed cotton yield plant -1 and ginning outturn, the highest heritability values (90.08 and 90.20%) were confirmed by the F 4 population CRIS-342 x MNH-886. For staple length, the promising heritability was discovered in the F 4 population CRIS-134 x Neelum-121 (85.45%). Genetic gain values were low to high for all traits. Results suggested that above F 4 populations indicated their potential for various yield and fiber traits through heritability coupled with genetic gain to be used in future breeding programs for improving seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in upland cotton.
Climate change is one of the major threats to wheat cultivation globally. Among abiotic stress, imposed by climate change, drought stress causes a drastic effect on yield and productivity of wheat. Based on this context, research was carried out on eight genotypes including WS-I (Water stress), WS-II, WS-III, WS-IV, WS-V, WS-VI, WS-VII and Khirman (check variety) to check the effect of water stress at the experimental field of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tandojam. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design (SPD) with factorial arrangement having four treatments i.e., T1 (normal six irrigations), T2 (one irrigation), T3 (two irrigations) and T4 (three irrigations) and three replications during Rabi season, 2019-2020 in order to assess the response of wheat genotypes under different water regimes conditions for vegetative, yield and yield-related traits. The results of analysis of variance results showed that genotypes were significantly different for all traits except spike length (cm). Similarly, a significant difference was observed among the treatments for all the traits except harvest index (%). While genotype x treatments interaction showed a significance level for most of the yield associated traits except few characters such as days to 75% heading, grain filling period, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), spikelets spike-1 and grains spike-1 indicating that genotypes perform similarly over the treatment. Maximum mean performance for all the traits was recorded under T3 treatment compared to the T2 and T1. Among the genotypes, WS-1V perform best for grains spike-1, grain weight spike-1 (g), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield plot-1 and harvest index (%) under all treatments. However, WS-III also performed consistently under T2 and T3 treatment. Thus, genotypes like WS-III and WS-IV could be preferred for growing in those areas where growers face the problem of water shortage. Also, WS-III and WS-IV can be used as donor genotypes for developing drought tolerant varieties.
Heat stress is increasing drastically and has become a major threat to wheat production in various wheat growing regions. Exposure of wheat genotypes to temperatures above the critical threshold level during flowering and grain-filling stages can cause reproductive failure and grain yield reduction. To withhold this situation, a research was carried out on twenty bread wheat genotypes viz.
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