In Automatic temperature controlled system as an microcontroller based embedded system is quiet interesting as well as very essential in the modern era. The basic and conventional system was manual and electromechanical. That's why functionally it is required to establish an automatic system with control logic. Our proposed system will sense the environmental temperature and will take steps along with this temperature by control of switching fan, heater, air conditioner or fire alarm. Most of the manufacturing industries like chemical, petrochemical, food processing, pharmaceutical etc. temperature is one of the prominent factor to be control. Because in these kinds of industries some products need the required temperature to be maintained at highest priority otherwise the product will fail. So the temperature controller is most widely used in almost all the industries. In this paper, we introduce automatic temperature controller using DS18B20 digital temperature sensor and controller unit using PIC16F877A microcontroller with various useful and critical conditions. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) is widely used in industrial automation system. We have already performed our system to operate as the way of SCADA and it can detect measuring parameters in real time operation and send it to the control station. If these parameters are not in sustainable level, it sends an alarm and indicating signal in control station rather than taking any kind of intelligent decision. But our proposed system can perform better than SCADA in real time operation with determining intelligent decision on the basis of real time situation. We used a Microcontroller to determine and processing the predefined system decision as like artificial intelligence system. Field of operation of our system can be extended by including more process parameter to operate this automation system.
Satellite industry almost completely dependent on centralized Electrical Power System (EPS) designs. Maximum EPS is custom designed. There are a few manufactures that make their designs available for commercial use. Most of these designs conform to the most common standard that uses three distributed buses. Today large satellite follows single bus voltage distributed architecture. Therefore single bus voltage distributed architecture is now become a mainstream architecture for small cube satellite. Power system unit has distributed voltage which is more than one, such as a low voltage bus and a high voltage bus. There is generally one bus voltage within a subsystem. Every subsystem module is accountable for additional regulation or point-of-load regulation. With the developments of small, very efficient, monolithic dc-dc converters, this paper shows the design and simulation of possible implementation of distributed architecture at the cube satellite scale. The goal of this paper is to design an efficient electrical power system (EPS) with a great utility, capable of being used for several missions, without having to redesign the system every time. KeywordsPower system of cube satellite, small satellite power system, power system model, satellite power system.
Objective: To evaluate management of surgical patients and their outcome in a general surgical unit of a tertiary care center in Lahore. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study for the month of september 2018. Data was collected from all patients admitted in the surgical unit II at lahore general hospital, through out-patient clinics and emergency department. Detailed data regarding the patients was collected and analyzed using SPSS v20. Results: A total of 224 patients were admitted and out of them 144 (64%) were through emergency department, whereas 80 (36%) were from outpatient clinics. Male admissions were found to be (120)53.58% as compared to female patients (104) 46.42%. Among all admissions, laparoscopic choleystectomy 30 (13.39%) accounted for the highest number of procedures, followed by Appendicectomy 29 (12.94%) and inguinal mesh hernioplasty 23 (10.26%). Trauma cases constituted 28(12.4%) in all admissions. Conclusion: There is a dire need of local studies on the topic of Surgical Audit for proper evaluation of patient management and resources in tertiary care hospitals in our country.
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