In the title moleclue, C13H10N4O3, the methyl­idene–hydrazide [–C(=O)—N—N=C–] fragment is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.0228 (7) Å. The mean planes of the benzene and pyridine rings make dihedral angles of 25.44 (6) and 5.47 (7)°, respectively, with the mean plane of the methyl­idene–hydrazide fragment. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into chains along the b axis. Additional stabilization is provided by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The O atoms of the nitro group are disordered over two sets of sites of equal occupancy.

Coxiellosis caused by Coxiella burnetii is a cosmopolitan zoonosis, which causes significant losses through abortions and stillbirths in small ruminants. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in two major sheep and goat farming districts of Punjab (Layyah and Muzaffargarh), Pakistan. In total, 542 small ruminants (271 sheep and goats each) of both sexes (60 males and 482 females) of different age groups from 104 flocks (52 flocks of either species) were randomly selected for the collection of sera and related epidemiological information. The sampling plan was devised at the expected prevalence of 50%, confidence interval (CI) of 95%, and error margin of 5%. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA; ID Vet) was used to test the samples for the presence of both phase I and II antibodies. A high herd level prevalence (73.1%, 95% CI 63.5-81.3) was recorded in the studied districts. Individual level seroprevalence was recorded as 30.8% (95% CI 26.9-34.9). Higher value was recorded in females (32%) when compared with males (21.7%). Higher prevalence (34.8%, 95% CI 21.4-50.2) was observed in animals of 1 year (nulliparous) than to primiparous (24.8%, 95% CI 17.4-33.5) and multiparous (32.3%, 95% CI 27.6-37.3) animals. Univariable analysis indicated that caprine species (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, p = 0.22), females (OR = 1.70, p = 0.104), infestation with ticks (OR = 234.39, p < 0.001), abortion history (OR 1.96, p = 0.14), retention of fetal membranes (OR 1.50, p = 0.35), keeping a single breed in a herd (OR 1.50, p = 0.56), and mixed feeding management (OR 1.37, p = 0.33) were the variables found associated with high prevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii. The study indicates that seroprevalence of coxiellosis was high in the studied small ruminant population and further studies are required to discern its epidemiology more precisely.

Copper-catalyzed conjugate protosilylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated sulfonyl ketimines has been developed. The corresponding E- and Z-stereoselective functionalized allylsilane products were obtained in good yields respectively via tuning the ligands used in the reactions. Furthermore, the highly enantioselective (E)-β-tosylamine-substituted allylsilanes were also achieved in the presence of chiral Pybox ligand. And the corresponding products could be easily transformed into other useful synthons.

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In the title mol­ecule, C16H13N3O3, the benzene and phenyl rings are linked through a propenyl­idene hydrazide fragment, C—C(=O)—N(H)—N=C(H)—C(H)=C(H)—, which is fully extended with torsion angles in the range 175.4 (2)–179.9 (2)°. The dihedral angle between the the benzene and phenyl rings is 58.28 (7)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along the b axis and additional stabilization is provided by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Aim:To investigate the role of the leading saffron endophyte Burkholderia gladioli strain E39CS3 (BG-E39) in the inhibition of corm-rot and induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the host against the saffron specific pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum. Methods and Results: We studied the interaction between BG-E39 and the corm-rot pathogen F. oxysporum in vitro and in vivo. BG-E39 strongly inhibited both the F. oxysporum strains and other saffron-specific and non-specific pathogens used in this study. Confrontation and microscopic analyses revealed that the endophyte possessed fungicidal activity against the pathogens and effectively induced cell death in the mycelia. The endophyte produced chitinases as well as β-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the pathogen cell wall degradation. BG-E39 did not cause corm-rot in Crocus sativus and the closely related plant, Gladiolus, thus establishing that it is non-pathogenic to these plants. The endophyte reduced corm-rot through antibiosis and enhanced the endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) levels and expression of JA-regulated and other plant defence genes. Conclusions:The bacterial endophyte BG-E39 provides resistance to the host plant against F. oxysporum corm-rot in nature. Significance and Impact of the Study: The current study discovers the role of the saffron endophyte BG-E39 in providing resistance to the host against corm-rot. Therefore, this endophyte is a potential candidate for developing a microbial formulation for the biocontrol of the most common disease of C. sativus.

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Bedaquiline (BDQ), approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 as the first anti-tuberculosis-specific drug in the last 40 years, is viewed as one of the world's most promising treatments for tuberculosis (TB). Due to the stereoselective construction of the Csp 3 -Csp 3 bond with vicinal stereocenters of BDQ and its analogues being an unsolved challenge, there have not been any reports concerning its asymmetric synthesis for the current industrial production process until now. Herein, we have successfully developed a cooperative bimetallic system for the asymmetric synthesis of BDQ under the guidance of density functional theory (DFT) computations. Based on the optimized conditions, BDQ could be synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) and diastereoselectivity (16:1 dr). A 5-g scale reaction was also conducted with comparably excellent results, showing its potential for industrial application.