This paper presents the design and implementation of a Multi-level Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) protocol based on a real-time communication platform utilizing Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware for data transfer of synchronous three phase measurement data. To transfer ultra-high three phase measurement samples, the DDS open-source protocol is exploited to shape the network's data traffic according to specific Quality of Service (QoS) profiles, leading to low packet loss and low latency by synchronizing and prioritizing the data in the network. Meanwhile the TSN protocol enables time-synchronization of the measured data by providing a common time reference to all the measurement devices in the network, making the system less expensive, more secure and enabling time-synchronization where acquiring GPS signals is a challenge. A software library was developed and used as a central Quality of Service (QoS) profile for the TSN implementation. The proposed design and implemented real-time simulation prototype presented in this paper takes in consideration diverse scenarios at multiple levels of prioritization including publishers, subscribers, and data packets. This allows granular control and monitoring of the data for traffic shaping, scheduling, and prioritization. The major strength of this protocol lies in the fact that it's not only in real time but it's time-critical too. The simulation prototype implementation was performed using the Real Time Innovation (RTI) Connext connectivity framework, custom-built MATLAB classes and DDS Simulink blocks. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves low latency and high throughput, which makes it a desired option for various communication systems involved in microgrids, smart cities, military applications and potentially other time-critical applications, where GPS signals become vulnerable and data transfer needs to be prioritized. INDEX TERMS Data distribution services, latency, multi-level, network-shaping, prioritization, quality of service (QoS), time-sensitive network (TSN), throughput, three-phase measurements, power system monitoring.
This paper presents the design and implementation of a Time‐Sensitive Networking (TSN) protocol‐enabled synchronized measurement‐based monitoring system for microgrids. The proposed approach synchronizes and prioritizes the communication nodes, allowing it to transfer ultra‐high three‐phase sampled data and phasors. TSN is achieved by Quality of Service (QoS) profile software library. This allows control, monitoring, traffic scheduling, and prioritization. Some buses in a microgrid may have priority over others; and this can be prioritized at the data level too, where a part of the information is more critical than the others. The advantages of utilizing the TSN protocol on a microgrid with the approach proposed are: it is an alternative to GPS technology, three‐phase data can be exchanged at much faster rate and data traffic in the network can be shaped with low packet loss, and low latency, in addition to providing interoperability through Data Distribution Services (DDS). These enhancements improve the communication reliability and enable distributed control, resulting in avoidance of any bottlenecks in the communications network. This proposed approach is implemented and demonstrated in a laboratory‐scale microgrid. The results obtained, verify low latency and high throughput of the entire system while meeting the TSN and QoS requirements.
Purpose This paper aims to develop a comprehensive model of a magnetic sensor array that will be operational for a multitude of electric components in continuous and nonintrusive condition monitoring (CM) or in readiness assessment (RA) applications. Design/methodology/approach A universal nonintrusive model of a flexible antenna array is introduced to monitor and identify failures in electric machine drives. An adjustable sensor is designed to serve as a RA for a vast range of electrical elements in a typical power system by capturing the low-frequency radiated magnetic fields. Findings The optimal placement of the most sensitive radiated fields from several components has been discovered in this case study, enabling the detection of healthy current flow throughout. Thereafter, the short-circuit investigation, representing faulty situations, is implemented and compared with healthy cases. Practical implications This sensing technique can be used for nonintrusive CM of components that are out of reach and cannot have the sensor to be held around it such as components in offshore winds, wind energy generation and power and chemical plants. Originality/value The results are provided for three commonly used machines with a single sensor array with numerous settings. The three dimensional (3 D) finite element analysis is applied in the structuring of the sensor, detection of the optimum location and recognition of faults in the machines. Finally, based on the setup design, 3 D printing is used for the construction of the sensor array. Thus, the sensor array with fault detection avoids major component failures and increases system reliability/resiliency.
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