This study reports the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of two novel complexes, [Cd (Q) (Bpy) (CH 3 COO) 2 , complex 1] and [Cd (Q) (Phen) (CH 3 COO) 2 , complex 2], based on quercetin ligand. The method of synthesis was by reacting natural flavonoid quercetin (Q) with a good chelator (Bpy ¼ 2,2'-bipyridine, Phen¼ 1,10-phenanthroline and Q ¼ quercetin) and metal ions. The produced metal complexes were studied in the solid state by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and in solution by UV-Vis absorption. Further analysis included high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for confirmation. To understand the nature and coordination of quercetin and its metal complexes, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed. The scavenging (DPPH radical), antibacterial, MTT, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity assay, cytotoxicity assay (fluorescence study) were done and quercetin was used for comparison. Both complex 1 and complex 2 induced loss of cell viability via impairment of metabolic activity, leakage of intracellular proteins, and increased oxidative stress. The free-radical scavenging activity of complex 2 (IC 50 340.175 mg/mL) was statistically significantly more potent than that of complex 1. The MIC values of complex 2 (7.80 mg/mL Escherichia coli, 15.62mg/mL Staphylococcus aureus) were higher as compared to complex 1 and quercetin in both test microorganisms. There was inhibition of cell proliferation in Escherichia coli treated with 2 mg/mL of complex 2, whereas Staphylococcus aureus did not show inhibition at this concentration. The cytotoxicity screening on MG 63 cell line showed that the compounds were safe up to 500 mg/L.
Green synthesis of two coordination complexes of zinc acetate with N^N moiety on quercetin, which is a flavonoid is carried out. The complexes were obtained in high yields (> 97%) by grinding methods without the involvement of any solvent. Neither catalyst nor any additives were needed to perform the reactions. It was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis. Antioxidant activity was done through the DPPH method which was compared with ascorbic acid and ligand (Quercetin). The study reveals that Complex 1 (IC50 163.093µg/ml) has significant free radical scavenging activity as compared to complex 2 (IC50 258.683µg/ml). Biological activity was performed against microbes (E. coli and S. aureus). MIC value of complex 1 (15.50µg/ml E. coli, 7.18µg/ml S. aureus) was found more significant as compared to complex 2 (22.51µg/ml E. coli, 18.62µg/ml S. aureus) and quercetin.
The primary goal of this research was to focus on the synthesis of two complex compounds, i.e., [{Cu (Q) (2, 2ʹ-bipyridal Bpy ) (acetate)} complex 1] and [{Cu (Q) (1, 10-phenanthroline Phen ) (acetate)} complex 2], which were found soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide. Complex 1 and 2 were incorporated and secluded as sole items in significant returns (>97%) by granulating strong fixing, i.e., quercetin (Q), copper acetate supported with Bpy, and Phen without any solvent. Both the synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis) and biological (antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic assay) evaluation was carried out against microbes. IC 50 of synthesized complex 1 and 2 was determined as 168.97 and 125.932 µg/ml, respectively, whereas Q was found to be 38.1427 µg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration of both complexes (1,2) was determined as 25.83, 50.37, and 6.35, 13.74 µg/ml, respectively, in both strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Cell proliferation activity was carried out by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method in both microbes and MG-63 cells. Treated organisms were researched for enzymatic (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and nonenzymatic (glutathione) assays, alongside lipid peroxidation and protein leakage tests. MTT assay was carried out in both microbes and MG-63 cells (toxicity was found to be safe up to 500 ppm compared to Q).
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