Matrix hydrophobicity hinders cell attachment in tissue engineered scaffolds. We proposed a facile seeding method to optimize cell presentation in nanofibrous mats formulated in a mixture of hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL), hydroxyapatite (HAp) mimicking bone surface roughness, and a ligand-supporting biopolymer. High-density osteoblast suspensions in serum-deficient media were seeded into composites arranged on a glass carrier sandwiched between cylindrical supports (seeding constructs) for 4 hours initial seeding and subsequently statically cultured in a complete medium for 7 days. Cell behavior and growth were analyzed by viability assays, LIVE/DEAD fluorescence labeled imaging, and electron microscopy. The zeta potential and contact angle of PCL-HAp nanofibers were altered by the addition of biopolymers, which directed cell attachment and proliferation. Modified seeding proved the benefit of collagen reinforcement to mediate cell-matrix interactions, which was demonstrated by enhancing cell spread with nearly twofold substantial growth during culture. The addition of gelatin showed a lower level of increased cell adhesion than collagen. Interestingly, clusters of spheroid cells were found in the chitosan composite with high cell adhesion on the first day, but the cells did not grow further until the end of the culture. In contrast, poor cell adhesion and inconsistent growth were found after conventional seeding and thus emphasized the potential role of modified seeding in supporting matrix performance as a cell carrier.
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and crude palm oil (CPO) are products of Indonesia’s natural wealth with significant antioxidant activity and potential as lip balm sticks to treat dry lips caused by sun exposure. This study aims to determine the formulation of lip balm stick preparations containing VCO and CPO that have sunscreen activity and acceptable physical characteristics. This study included the phases of testing, formulation of lip balm stick, sunscreen activity test, and evaluation of physical properties. The compositions were melted using a water bath, and the sunscreen’s efficacy was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. VCO and CPO concentrations varied between 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% (w/w). The F1 formula containing 5% VCO and 15% CPO (w/w) had the highest sun protection factor (SPF) value of 15.438. The evaluation of the formula activity test revealed that the higher the CPO content, the greater the sunscreen activity. Formula F1 has stable physical properties while stored at room temperature for 28 days. Formula F1 has a yellow color, chocolate scent, semi-solid consistency, homogeneous, 3.35 cm dispersion, 56 oC melting point, and 64-gram hardness. Formula F1 provides excellent sun protection and physical properties. It may be further evaluated as a lip balm stick sunscreen formulation for chapped lips.
Background and Aim An antimicrobial delivery in the form of surface-modified lectin of lipid nanoparticles was proposed to improve cellular accumulation. ArtinM, an active toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist lectin isolated from cempedak ( Arthocarpus integrifolia) seeds, was selected to induce cellular engulfment of nanoparticles within infected host cells. Materials and Methods Lipid nanoparticles were prepared using the emulsification technique before electrostatic adsorption of artinM. The formula comprising of rifampicin, soy phospholipid, and polysorbate 80 was optimized by Box-Behnken design to produce the desired particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. The optimum formula was characterized for morphology, in vitro release, and cellular transport. Results and Discussion Soy phospholipid showed a profound effect on controlling drug loading and entrapment efficiency. Owing to its surface activity, polysorbate 80 contributed significantly to reduce particle size; however, a higher ratio to lipid concentration resulted in a decrease of rifampicin encapsulation. The adsorption of artinM on the surface of nanoparticles was accomplished by electrostatic binding at pH 4, where this process maintained the stability of encapsulated rifampicin. A high proportion of artinM adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles shown by haemagglutination assay, zeta potential measurement, and transmission electron microscopy imaging. Cellular uptake revealed by confocal microscopy showed the success in transporting Nile-red labelled nanoparticles across fibroblast cells. Conclusion The delivery system of nanoparticles bearing artinM becomes a potential platform technology for antibiotic targeting in the treatment of life-threatening chronic diseases caused by intracellular infections.
Sampo merupakan salah satu sediaan kosmetik yang digunakan untuk keramas sehingga membuat rambut menjadi bersih dan mudah untuk diatur. Sediaan sampo terdiri dari berbagai komponen, dengan surfaktan merupakan kunci dari pembersihan rambut karena memiliki struktur molekul yang terdiri dari bagian hidrofilik dan lipofilik dengan kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan antara air dan kotoran sehingga tersuspensi dalam fase air. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh variasi sodium lauril sulfat (SLS) terhadap karakteristik sifat fisik sampo cair (organoleptik, pH, viskositas, dan bobot jenis). Sampo dibuat dengan metode emulsifikasi menggunakan minyak serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) dan ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera) sebagai zat aktif. Pada awal formulasi, HPMC dikembangkan terlebih dahulu kemudian dicampurkan dengan fase air lain (berupa SLS, aloe vera, cocomide DEA, propil paraben, metil paraben, mentol, akuades). Fase air dan fase minyak (minyak serai wangi) dipanaskan pada suhu masing-masing 60-70˚C kemudian dicampurkan dicampurkan dengan magnetic stirrer pada kecepatan 800 rpm selama 15 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan SLS berpengaruh signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap peningkatan pH, viskositas, dan bobot jenis dari sampo. Korelasi Pearson pada konsentrasi SLS terhadap pH yaitu R=0,926; terhadap viskositas yaitu R=0,973; sedangkan terhadap bobot jenis yaitu R=0,918. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah SLS berpengaruh besar pada peningkatan pH, viskositas, dan bobot jenis sediaan sampo berbasis minyak serai wangi dan ekstrak lidah buaya.
We developed a facile preparation method of oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion in an emollient formulation using basil extract ( Ocimum americanum L.) as a solid particle stabilizer by fine-tuning the concentration and mixing steps of common cosmetic formulas, such as humectants (hexylene glycol and glycerol), surfactant (Tween 20), and moisturizer (urea). The hydrophobicity of the main phenolic compounds of basil extract (BE), namely, salvigenin, eupatorin, rosmarinic acid, and lariciresinol, supported high interfacial coverage to prevent coalescence of globules. Meanwhile, the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of these compounds provides active sites for stabilizing the emulsion using urea through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Addition of humectants directed the in situ synthesis of colloidal particles during emulsification. In addition, the presence of Tween 20 can simultaneously reduce the surface tension of the oil but tends to inhibit the adsorption of solid particles at high concentrations, which otherwise formed colloidal particles in water. The level of urea and Tween 20 determined the stabilization system of the O/W emulsion, whether interfacial solid adsorption (Pickering emulsion, PE) or colloidal network (CN). Variation of the partition coefficient of the phenolic compounds present in basil extract facilitated the formation of a mixed PE and CN system with better stability. The addition of excess urea induced interfacial solid particle detachment, which caused the oil droplet enlargement. The choice of stabilization system determined the control of antioxidant activity, diffusion through lipid membranes, and cellular antiaging effects in UV-B-irradiated fibroblasts. Particle sizes of less than 200 nm were found in both stabilization systems, which is beneficial for maximizing their effects. In conclusion, this study provides a technological platform to realize the demand for natural dermal cosmetic and pharmaceutical products with strong antiaging effects.
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