Cardiovascular disease is the most deadly disease in the world and the main cause is atherosclerosis. New paradigm explains that chronic inflammation such as periodontitis is considered to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Periodontitis causes bacteremia affecting vascular inflammation. This situation affects the endothelial cells and lipid oxidation thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to prove the effect of periodontitis on coronary atherosclerotic lesion formation. Methods: This was an experimental study using the post-test only control group design. Samples were 12 rats divided into control group (K) without treatment and periodontitis (P) was made with the installation of wire ligature and injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the left mandibular M1 for 28 days. On day 29, mice were decaputated, coronary artery was taken and histological slides were made. Histomorphometrical analysis was calculated on dungkul (descriptive) and the thickness of the arterial wall (with test statistic T test). Results: The results showed higher formation of arterial dungkul on Periodontitis group (83.33%) than the control group (16.67%). Arterial wall was also thicker periodontitis group (2.22±0.35µm) (p<0.05) than the control group (1.28±0.20µm). Conclusion: Periodontitis can independently affect the coronary atherosclerotic lesion formation. ABSTRAKAnalisis histomorfometrik pembentukan lesi aterosklerosis koroner pada model tikus (Rattus novergicus) periodontitis. Penyakit kardiovaskuler perupakan penyakit paling mematikan di dunia dan penyebab utamanya adalah aterosklerosis. Paradigma baru menjelaskan bahwa inflamasi kronis seperti periodontitis dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis. Periodontitis menyebabkan bakteremia yang berpengaruh terhadap inflamasi vaskuler. Keadaan ini mempengaruhi sel endotel dan oksidasi lipid sehingga meningkatkan resiko aterosklerosis. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh periodontitis terhadap pembentukan lesi aterosklerosis koroner. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen menggunakan the post test only control group design. 12 sampel tikus dibagi atas kelompok kontrol (K) tanpa perlakuan dan kelompok periodontitis (P) dibuat dengan pemasangan wire ligature dan injeksi Porphyromonas gingivalis pada M1 rahang bawah kiri selama 28 hari. Pada hari ke-29 tikus didekaputasi, arteri koroner diambil dan dibuat preparat histologi. Analisis histomorfomerik dilakukan pada morfologi dungkul (deskriptif) dan ketebalan dinding arteri (statistik dengan uji T test). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuknya dungkul arteri lebih banyak pada kelompok Periodontitis (83,33%) daripada kelompok Kontrol (16,67%). Dinding arteri kelompok periodontitis juga lebih tebal (2,22±0,35µm) secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (1,28±0,20µm) (p<0,05). Simpulan: Periodontitis secara independen dapat mempengaruhi gambaran histomorfometrik pembentukan lesi aterosklerosis koroner.

Background: Gingivectomy is a periodontal surgical procedure that eliminates excess gingival tissues by excision, usually to remove a gingival pocket which leads to scars and recontours the gingival to its proper anatomical form. Wound healing is a process to restore the missing functions and structures of a tissue due to injuries or inflammations. Robusta coffee bean contains many bioactive compounds that can accelerate the wound healing process. The study aimed to determinate the effectiveness of robusta coffee bean extract gel with concentration 40%,50%,60% on collagen fibers density in post-gingivectomy wound healing Method: 36 Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups: control, gingivectomy without therapy, gingivectomy +40% robusta coffee bean extract gel, gingivectomy +50% robusta coffee bean extract gel, and gingivectomy+60% robusta coffee bean extract gel. The last 4 groups were divided again into day 3 and 7 euthanasia. The results were processed by Trichrome Mallory to visualized the collagen fibers and then measured by ImageJ software. Result: Robusta coffee beans extract gel therapy with concentration 40%, 50% and 60% had higher average collagen fibers density compared to group without therapy. Conclusion: Robusta coffee bean extract gel increased the density of collagen fibers in post-gingivectomy wound healing PENDAHULUANGingiva adalah bagian dari mukosa mulut yang memiliki fungsi utama sebagai perlindungan

Efek pemberian gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap jumlah osteoblas dan osteoklas (Destianingrum dkk.

Periodontitis adalah inflamasi kronis yang disebabkan infeksi bakteri salah satunya P. gingivalis. Produk bakteri berupa lipopolisakarida (LPS) mampu meningkatkan sekresi sitokin proinflamatori sehingga terjadi peningkatan jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit. Hal ini menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang lebih lanjut. Biji kopi robusta memiliki kandungan polifenol, alkaloid dan saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta terhadap jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit pada gingiva model tikus periodontitis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah the posttest only control group design. Dua puluh ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yakni kelompok normal, periodontitis, periodontitis yang diterapi gel aloclair, kelompok periodontitis yang diterapi 0,025 g/mL gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta, dan kelompok periodontitis yang diterapi 0,05 g/mL gel ekstrak biji kopi robusta selama 7 hari perlakuan. Tikus didekapitasi dan dilakukan pengecatan HE untuk melihat jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit. Hasil menunjukkan pemberian gel ekstrak kopi robusta dapat menurunkan jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit sama dengan aloclair pada model tikus periodontitis yang diinduksi P. gingivalis. Gel ekstrak biji kopi 0,05 g/mL lebih efektif menurunkan limfosit dibandingkan 0,025 g/mL

Polyphenols are one of the active substances in the Robusta coffee beans with various benefits for humans’ health including anti-inflammation. neutrophil cell (polymorphonuclear PMN) plays a significant role as the primary immune response against foreign agent. Inflammatory response is characterized by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine anti-inflammation capacity of Robusta coffee beans polyphenols extract on the TNF-α production in neutrophil cells. Neutrophil was derived from human peripheral venous blood by means of gradient density method. One hundred microliter of neutrophil  (1,5x103 cell) was incubated with 3.13%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% polyphenol extract and exposed with 100 μl of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 25 mg/ml. The production of TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed by one way Anova. Polyphenols of Robusta coffee bean extract was shown to inhibit TNF-α production in LPS-exposed neutrophil cells compared to controls. Whereas, LPS-exposed neutrophil increased TNF-α production. The most effective concentration to inhibit TNF-α production was 12.5%. It was concluded that polyphenols of Robusta coffee beans has anti-inflammatory properties as indicated by its ability to decrease TNF-α levels.