The process of myogenesis which operates during skeletal muscle regeneration involves the activation of muscle stem cells, the so-called satellite cells. These then give rise to proliferating progenitors, the myoblasts which subsequently exit the cell cycle and differentiate into committed precursors, the myocytes. Ultimately, the fusion of myocytes leads to myofiber formation. Here we reveal a role for the transcriptional co-regulator nTRIP6, the nuclear isoform of the LIM-domain protein TRIP6, in the temporal control of myogenesis. In an in vitro model of myogenesis, the expression of nTRIP6 is transiently up-regulated at the transition between proliferation and differentiation, whereas that of the cytosolic isoform TRIP6 is not altered. Selectively blocking nTRIP6 function results in accelerated early differentiation followed by deregulated late differentiation and fusion. Thus, the transient increase in nTRIP6 expression appears to prevent premature differentiation. Accordingly, knocking out the Trip6 gene in satellite cells leads to deregulated skeletal muscle regeneration dynamics in the mouse. Thus, dynamic changes in nTRIP6 expression contributes to the temporal control of myogenesis.
We report the straightforward synthesis of photoreactive nanoobjects exhibiting various colloidal morphologies by photoinitiated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). Poly(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) copolymers with pendent UV‐activatable diaryl tetrazole moieties were employed as macromolecular chain‐transfer agents in water for the dispersion photopolymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate under visible light. This led to the in situ formation of amphiphilic block copolymers, driving the self‐assembly into core‐shell nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nano/microvesicles. The tetrazole group present in the shell of the nanoobjects permitted functionalization with various functional molecules and polymers via UV‐triggered nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole–ene cycloaddition (NITEC), enabling the alteration of surface properties of the nanomaterials (fluorescence, charge, hydrophilicity).
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