Actuator line aerodynamics (AL) model is becoming increasingly popular for characterization of the flow field and the turbulent wake created by the rotating turbines. AL model does not require boundary layer resolution of the flow around turbine blades and is thus significantly more efficient than the fully-resolved computations. The current paper aims at performing spectral element simulations of AL model wind turbine response to a realistic neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow field. In the present paper, we incorporate the benchmark results of neutral ABL simulations using a rough wall LES model at very high Reynolds number and results of wind turbine response to ABL flows using AL model.
The current paper aims at performing large eddy simulation in spectral element framework of a 3 × 3 wind turbine array in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) with near wall modelling for rough-wall geometry at very high Reynolds number. The wind turbine rotors have been represented by state of the art reduced order Actuator Line (AL) model analogous to immersed boundary methodology which is computationally more efficient than resolving turbine blade boundary layer. The inflow condition is fed from an ABL simulation using spectral interpolation method. We present an analysis of multiscale turbulent dynamics and power generated by a 3 × 3 wind turbine array from the statistical moments and validate the result from experimental observations.
Wind farms are known to modulate large scale structures in and around the wake regions of the turbines. The potential benefits of placing small hub height, small rotor turbines in between the large turbines in a wind farm to take advantage of such modulated large‐scale eddies are explored using large eddy simulation (LES). The study has been carried out in an infinite wind farm framework invoking an asymptotic limit, and the wind turbines are modeled using an actuator line model. The vertically staggered wind turbine arrangements that are studied in the present work consist of rows of large wind turbines, with rows of smaller wind turbines (ie, smaller rotor size and shorter hub height) placed in between the rows of large turbines. The influence of the hub height of the small turbines, in particular, how it affects the interactions between the large and small turbines and consequently their power, along with the multiscale dynamics involved, has been assessed in the current study. It was found that, in the multiscale layouts, the small turbines at lower hub heights operate more efficiently than their homogeneous single‐scale counterparts. In contrast, the small turbines with higher hub heights incur a loss of power compared with the corresponding single‐scale arrangements.
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