Hippophae salicifolia, Elaeagnus pyriformis, Myrica esculenta and M. nagi are actinorhizal plants growing in the sacred forests of Northeast India with multipurpose uses. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the phenol, flavonoid and flavonol contents of the fresh fruit juice of these plant species including the antioxidant potential by means of DPPH, H2O2 and NO scavenging activity and FRP. The total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of fruit juice ranged from 321.68+/-0.06 to 76.67+/-0.01 mg/g GAE, 272.92+/-0.07 to 20.12+/-0.02 mg/g QE and 258.92+/-0.08 to 18.72+/-0.02 mg/g QE, respectively. At 2.0 mg/mL concentration, DPPH scavenging activity was found to be the highest in M. esculenta (89.62 percent) and the lowest in E. pyriformis (17.58 percent). The reducing power activity was found significantly higher in H. salicifolia juice, which increased with increase in concentration. The H2O2 scavenging activity of H. salicifolia juice was found to be as high as 98.78 percent, while Elaeagnus juice was found to be less effective with just 48.90 percent. Juice of H. salicifolia showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 75.24 percent as compared to juice of E. pyriformis, where only 37.54 percent scavenging was observed at the same concentration. Taking into account all the experimental data, it can be said that the fruits of H. salicifolia and both M. nagi and M. esculenta have good antioxidant activity compared to fruits of E. pyriformis.
Canna indica Linn. (Cannaceae) is used both as medicine and food. Traditionally, various parts of C. indica are exploited to treat blood pressure, dropsy, fever, inflammatory diseases etc. However, to date there is no reliable micropropagation protocol for C. indica. We present here a regeneration technique C. indica with banana micropropagation medium (BM). BM supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar, and 0.17% NH4NO3 and different plant growth regulators like BAP (2 mg•L −1) and NAA (0.5 mg•L −1) was found to be effective in inducing callus. BM with BAP (2 mg•L −1) was ideal for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration. After a period of 3 months, regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to the field conditions. Appearance of somaclonal variation among the regenerated plants is a common problem which was assessed by DNA fingerprinting. To detect genetic fidelity in C. indica, RAPD and ISSR markers were employed. Ten RAPD primers produced 60 amplicons, while 7 ISSR primers generated 45 bands in both in vitro plantlets and mother plants. RAPD and ISSR analyses showed no evidence of polymorphism between parent plants and the regenerated plants as all the amplified products were found to be monomorphic.
13Fr e e R a d . A n t i ox .Re s e a r c h A r t i c l e West Bengal, apdas.nbu@gmail.com; senarnab_nbu@hotmail.com INTRODUCTIONOxygen plays a vital role in the survival of life on earth. However, during it's utilization in various life processes, a tiny amount of oxygen gets reduced to different free radicals like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radicals etc. [1,2] All these reactive oxygen radicals are accountable for various health hazards to human life causing the development of degenerative diseases.[3] Antioxidant molecules, on the other hand, can slow down or cease the activity of these harmful oxygen species by being oxidizing themselves. Plants often contain good amount of natural antioxidants. [4,5] Different phytochemicals like phenols, flavonols, carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, vitamin C and E can be utilized to scavenge the excess free radicals from human body. [6] Canna edulis Ker Gawler, is a medium sized perennial flowering plant found in the north eastern Himalayan regions of India.[7] The plants bear broad, flat, blackish green leaves with spectacular red flowers. Besides, it also tickles our test buds as it is known to be edible and mainly consumed by the Indian tribes like Lepchas, Bhutias and Nepalis. [8] Different parts of the plants like rhizomes, leaves and seeds are used as medicines by the tribal communities of North eastern India.[9] Amongst various plant parts the extracts of rhizomes are rich source of polyphenolic compounds like phenols and flavonoids, [10] which in turn provide the evidences of antioxidative properties of the plant. ABSTRACT Introduction:Canna edulis Ker Gawler, grown in the sub Himalayan region containing starchy rhizome are used by the tribal people as food and herbal medicine. Methods: Investigations were done to find out 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total flavonols and total proanthocyanidin contents, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of different solvent fractions of aquous extract of C. edulis rhizome. Among the cellular molecules, lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids with more than one double bond are particularly susceptible to action of free radicals. The resulting reaction, known as lipid peroxidation and anti lipid peroxidation activity has been performed using goat liver homogenate. Results: Six out of 29 fractions showed DPPH free radical inhibition above 75% and were used for further phytochemical screening. Diethyl ether : ethyl acetate (1:3) fraction showed the maximum inhibition percent. Highest amount of total flavonol and total proanthocyanidins were recorded in diethyl ether : ethyl acetate (1:3) fraction. Maximum NO scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical inhibition activity were observed in bioactive diethyl ether : ethyl acetate (1:1) fraction. Inhibition of lipid peroxides was maximum in ethyl acetate fraction. Data from thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in all fractions, whereas flavono...
Clerodendrum thomsoniae commonly known as bleeding heart vine or bag flower which is a good candidate for a new crop for the floriculture industry. In this study, in-vitro callus regeneration of C. thomsoniae through nodal culture has been attempted. Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l
Canna, the solitary genus of the family Cannaceae and order Zingiberales, comprises of about 51 species of flowering plants. Canna species are native of South America but with the course of time they have been distributed throughout the world. It is an important plant not only from the ornamental point of view but also it is an important plant for starch production as well as its medicinal values. From the primitive time, village people commonly use Canna as herbal medicines in their daily dealings. Different plant parts like rhizome and leaves of Canna have been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, fever, hypertension, diabetes, menstrual disorders, malaria etc. Phytochemicals with high antioxidant activities reported from the members of genus Canna. Moreover, isolation and identification of chemical compounds shows the presence of derivatives of polysaccharide, anthocyanin and phenylpropanoid compounds. The present study reflects a comprehensive review on biological activities of Canna species with special reference to some other members of Zingiberales.
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