Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of selected actinorhizal fruits growing in the forests of Northeast India

Abstract

Hippophae salicifolia, Elaeagnus pyriformis, Myrica esculenta and M. nagi are actinorhizal plants growing in the sacred forests of Northeast India with multipurpose uses. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the phenol, flavonoid and flavonol contents of the fresh fruit juice of these plant species including the antioxidant potential by means of DPPH, H2O2 and NO scavenging activity and FRP. The total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of fruit juice ranged from 321.68+/-0.06 to 76.67+/-0.01 mg/g GAE, 272.92+/-0.07 to 20.12+/-0.02 mg/g QE and 258.92+/-0.08 to 18.72+/-0.02 mg/g QE, respectively. At 2.0 mg/mL concentration, DPPH scavenging activity was found to be the highest in M. esculenta (89.62 percent) and the lowest in E. pyriformis (17.58 percent). The reducing power activity was found significantly higher in H. salicifolia juice, which increased with increase in concentration. The H2O2 scavenging activity of H. salicifolia juice was found to be as high as 98.78 percent, while Elaeagnus juice was found to be less effective with just 48.90 percent. Juice of H. salicifolia showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 75.24 percent as compared to juice of E. pyriformis, where only 37.54 percent scavenging was observed at the same concentration. Taking into account all the experimental data, it can be said that the fruits of H. salicifolia and both M. nagi and M. esculenta have good antioxidant activity compared to fruits of E. pyriformis.

Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

“…However, the addition of EUG and EOL to the transport water protected against oxidative damage of lipids, since TBARS levels were lower in the liver of silver catfish transported with both compounds than those transported in only water. The attenuation of oxidative damage may also be favored by the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system (Goyal et al, 2013). Increases in NPSH levels attenuate oxidative stress (Ungvari et al, 2009;Yonar, 2012;Salbego et al, 2014Salbego et al, , 2015 and the higher NPSH content in the liver of fish after transport in EUG-and EOL-containing water may have prevented lipid damage.…”

“…In order to protect against oxidative stress, organisms have developed antioxidant defenses (Goyal et al, 2013) which include enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase (Salbego et al, 2014. In addition, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is an important detoxifying enzyme that is frequently induced under adverse conditions, such as poisoning.…”

A Review on Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Myrica esculenta

“…In another comparative study on methanol extracts of wild edible fruits of same species collected from three different regions of Uttrakhand (India) showed variation in DPPH antioxidant activity and Fe 2+ chelating activity maximum up to 96.98±0.1847 and 72.17±0.2367 %, repectively due to variation in phenolic and flavonoids content affected by various biological factors of natural climates [74] . Additionally, fresh fruit juice of M. esculenta showed much higher DPPH scavenging activity (89.62 %) and nitric oxide scavenging activity (75.11 %) at the concentration of 2 mg/ml as compared to standard drug ascorbic acid [90] . The ME-EtAC fraction of leaves exhibited weaker activity than ascorbic acid used as standard [32] and methanol extract [75] in DPPH assay.…”

Phytometabolomic fingerprinting of selected actinorhizal fruits popularly consumed in North-East India

“…Previously, we reported the presence of natural antioxidants in selected actinorhizal plants found in north-eastern parts of India (Goyal et al 2013). The bioactivities were speculated due to the presence of high quantity of phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols in these fruits.…”

“…In the biodiversity hub of north-eastern India, various actinorhizal plants are found (Table 1). Among these, E. pyriformis, M. nagi and M. esculenta serve as functional food for the natives (Yanthan et al 2011) and are also known to have medicinal properties (Kala 2005;Goyal et al 2013).…”