Brassica juncea is the most important oilseed crop in India, and Lipaphis erysimi is a major pest of this crop. The study aimed at knowing the role of photosynthetic pigments in host preference and population build‐up by L. erysimi on diverse B. juncea genotypes. We found significant differences among test genotypes for aphid preference, multiplication rate and population build‐up, and chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in healthy and aphid damaged flowers, immature siliquae and grain filled siliquae. The L. erysimi damage reduced all the photosynthetic pigments across plant parts of test B. juncea genotypes. The aphid damage resulted in change in chlorophyll B in flowers and total chlorophyll in immature siliquae showed positive association with leaf preference, while total carotenoids in flowers and grain filled siliquae had negative association with leaf and bud preference by L. erysimi. Chlorophylls A and B in the siliquae showed significant and positive association with multiplication rate and population build‐up of L. erysimi on B. juncea. Change in chlorophyll A, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids because of aphid damage contributed to 38.6% variation in host preference and 21.9% variation in multiplication rate and population build‐up of L. erysimi on different B. juncea genotypes. Genotypes PM 30, RH 749, PDZ 6, Pusa 119‐1‐3, Pusa 119‐1‐1 and Kranti were found with least leaf and bud preference, lower aphid multiplication rate and population build‐up, and higher amounts of different chlorophylls and total carotenoids, suggesting their use in aphid resistance breeding programme.
Potato, the world's most popular crop is reported to provide a food source for nearly a billion people. It is prone to a number of biotic stressors that affect yield and quality, out of which Potato Virus Y (PVY) occupies the top position. PVY can be transmitted mechanically and by sap-feeding aphid vectors. The application of insecticide causes an increase in the resistant vector population along with detrimental effects on the environment; genetic resistance and vector-virus control are the two core components for controlling the deadly PVY. Using transcriptomic tools together with differential gene expression and gene discovery, several loci and genes associated with PVY resistance have been widely identified. To combat this virus we must increase our understanding on the molecular response of the PVY-potato plant-aphid interaction and knowledge of genome organization, as well as the function of PVY encoded proteins, genetic diversity, the molecular aspects of PVY transmission by aphids, and transcriptome profiling of PVY infected potato cultivars. Techniques such as molecular and bioinformatics tools can identify and monitor virus transmission. Several studies have been conducted to understand the molecular basis of PVY resistance/susceptibility interactions and their impact on PVY epidemiology by studying the interrelationship between the virus, its vector, and the host plant. This review presents current knowledge of PVY transmission, epidemiology, genome organization, molecular to bioinformatics responses, and its effective management.
Underutilized/orphan legumes provide food and nutritional security to resource-poor rural populations during periods of drought and extreme hunger, thus, saving millions of lives. The Leguminaceae, which is the third largest flowering plant family, has approximately 650 genera and 20,000 species and are distributed globally. There are various protein-rich accessible and edible legumes, such as soybean, cowpea, and others; nevertheless, their consumption rate is far higher than production, owing to ever-increasing demand. The growing global urge to switch from an animal-based protein diet to a vegetarian-based protein diet has also accelerated their demand. In this context, underutilized legumes offer significant potential for food security, nutritional requirements, and agricultural development. Many of the known legumes like Mucuna spp., Canavalia spp., Sesbania spp., Phaseolus spp., and others are reported to contain comparable amounts of protein, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), dietary fiber, essential minerals and vitamins along with other bioactive compounds. Keeping this in mind, the current review focuses on the potential of discovering underutilized legumes as a source of food, feed and pharmaceutically valuable chemicals, in order to provide baseline data for addressing malnutrition-related problems and sustaining pulse needs across the globe. There is a scarcity of information about underutilized legumes and is restricted to specific geographical zones with local or traditional significance. Around 700 genera and 20,000 species remain for domestication, improvement, and mainstreaming. Significant efforts in research, breeding, and development are required to transform existing local landraces of carefully selected, promising crops into types with broad adaptability and economic viability. Different breeding efforts and the use of biotechnological methods such as micro-propagation, molecular markers research and genetic transformation for the development of underutilized crops are offered to popularize lesser-known legume crops and help farmers diversify their agricultural systems and boost their profitability.
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