The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant and antihyperglycaemic potentials of bran extracts of seven traditional rice varieties against those of three commercial varieties. The total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities, the α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory potentials of the rice bran extracts were studied in vitro using relevant assays. The results showed that the rice bran extracts of traditional varieties namely, Beras merah and Beras hitam displayed significantly higher α‐glucosidase inhibition (96.56 and 81.52%) and α‐amylase inhibition (88.44 and 84.27%) than the other varieties. Being high in polyphenolic content, they tended to display better anti‐oxidant capacities than the commercial varieties. Hence, brans of traditional rice varieties such Beras merah and Beras hitam could be potentially useful as raw materials for nutritional supplements and natural anti‐diabetic agents. Practical Application The findings of this study highlighted the anti‐oxidative, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory potentials of some rice brans obtained from Malaysian rice varieties. Since the traditional rice varieties (Beras Merah and Beras Hitam) exhibit significantly higher α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition, they could be harnessed as raw materials for preparation of ingredients for pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals intended for diabetes management. The findings might give impetus to the Malaysian paddy industry to expand cultivation of Beras Merah and Beras Hitam to produce more bran for value added product formulations for people with special dietary requirements.
Consumption of meat is considered a vital source of essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals which makes it a critical dietary requirement for humans and other organisms. However, in Sub Saharan Africa, despite accounting for a large chunk of livestock production, it is in short supply due to poverty and cultural practices. Hence, encourages the demand and consumption of other meat products such as singed ruminant hide and skin. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of singeing on bacterial population of hides and skin of cattle, camel, goat and sheep sold for human consumption in the seven North-western states of Nigeria using standard methods. Data obtained for the bacteria load showed that the highest mean count for singed hides and skins of cattle, camel, goat and sheep mean log10 CFU/g;5.10±0.13, 5.08±0.10, 5.06±0.05 and 5.05±0.09 respectively which were less than the unsigned (control), mean log10 CFU/g5.71±0.02, 5.70±0.03, 5.71±0.02 and 5.69±0.08. The high occurrence ofbacteria was slightly within unacceptable limits for the ruminant hides and skin sampleslog10 CFU/g; cattle: 5.22 camel: 5.19, goat: 5.23 and sheep: 5.19. This require urgent mitigation as it is slightly contaminated. However, the lower bacterial counts taken for ruminant sampleslog10 CFU/g; cattle: 4.82, camel: 4.83, goat: 4.84 and sheep: 4.79 were all within the marginal acceptable standard. Succinctly, 60% of the ruminant hides and skin samples require correctional measures whereas, 40% were out rightly contaminated. Hence, urgent action is needed across the abattoirs of Northwestern states of Nigeria to curtail the tide of unsafe hides and skin consumptions. Conclusively, the study established as thus; significantly, Singeing reduces (p < 0.05) the bacterial load on ruminant hides and skin and all samples were considerably high and exceeding the WHO satisfactory level. Keywords:Hide and skin, Ruminant, Meat, Singeing, Abattoir and Northwestern Nigeria
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