Background: Stocks of raw materials and finished products are found in all units of logistics systems and require significant financial means of management. For this reason, scientifically justified approaches to stock management and cost minimisation must be explored. Despite the existence of many such approaches in literature and practice, each case has its own specificities and specificities to which stock management models should be adapted. In this article, the aim of the authors is to propose an approach to determine optimal supply sizes from different types of stocks (more than one is known in the literature as multi-nomenclature) that minimises only the cost of inventory management. The cost of inventory is not included. Methods: The article used the methods of mathematical optimisation, the method of least squares, and regression analysis. The scope of the models in the article is inventory management, with a limited number of stock keeping units. Time series data for the delivered quantities and time series data for the costs of stock management are used. Both time series use the same time period. Results: The constructed specific nonlinear mathematical models for optimising the total cost of stock management are approbated based on sample data and the results obtained are analysed. Conclusions: The created mathematical models and methods for optimising the total cost of stock management may be used by logistics managers to minimise the total costs of inventory management.
The technologies in IT industry play an important part in all areas of business and education in the contemporary world. It is hard to imagine most of the activities going smoothly without computers and software. The purpose of this paper is to present an idea for inventory ABC analysis. A sample dataset is used. A classification of inventory by empirical and graphical method in MS Excel is carried out. The application of ABC analysis in inventory management leads to a differentiation of inventories into three groups - the most essential, the least essential for the activities of the organization and all between them. Depending on the level of importance of the inventories, different approaches for their management are recommended. This leads to the need to optimize logistic costs. The proposed approach can be used in the educational processes for students and also for real practical applications in inventory management in logistics.
The methods of linear optimization are well-known, both in the literature and practice, as one of the most effective methods for optimizing economic phenomena and processes. Linear models with determined coefficients have been thoroughly studied so far, but there are still areas in which research related to parametric linear optimization models can be further developed and improved. In the present paper, the graphical method for solving a two-factor linear optimization problem is used to analyze the solution of a problem for optimal distribution of resources with two parameters in the coefficients multiplying the variables in one of the constraints.
Background: With regard to the definition of an optimal transport plan for some material flow in the logistics system in literature and practice, the classical transport task model is developed. The minimization of total transport costs is usually considered for optimality. Some modifications to the classical transport task have also been developed. Methods: The article uses the methods of linear optimization. Based on these methods, two modified transport task models have been constructed, which consider the possibility of planning in advance the quantities available from the suppliers of the transported cargo. These models are applicable in SCM for pharmaceuticals with a national logistics hub. Furthermore, a solver in MS Excel is used to determine the optimal solution of optimization models. Results: Two new (modified, extended) models of the transport task have been constructed, in which a preliminary planning of the available quantities of the transported cargo at the suppliers is made. These quantities shall be planned in such a way as to ensure a minimum total transport cost. Conclusions: By applying the proposed new transport task models, lower total transport costs for carrying out imported pharmaceuticals can be ensured compared to an application of the classical transport task model.
In specialized literature and in practice some methods for production-transportation planning using the models of three-index transportation problem are well-known. Different linear-fractional models for productiontransportation planning are applied as well. In the present paper the authors aim to combine elements of the threeindex transportation problem and elements of the linear-fractional optimization, thus offering a model of three-index transportation problem with a linear-fractional function which combines the advantages of both methods and gives better opportunities for determining an optimal solution and making the post-optimal analysis.
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