Water resources analysis of the Rječina karst spring and river (Dinaric karst) The paper deals with complex hydrological/hydrogeological behaviour in the Rječina karst spring and river basin located in the northwestern part of the deep and developed Croatian Dinaric karst. The Rječina Spring is one of the major karst springs in Croatia, used for water supply of Rijeka City and its surrounding area. Beside the use of Rječina spring for water supply, the development of the Rijeka hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) also changed hydrological and hydrogeological regime of the whole catchment. In order to analyse the anthropogenic influences in the system, hydrological analysis of the Rječina river and spring discharge was done, as well as the analysis of the available data of groundwater measurements. The analysis showed that, due to the increase of water caption and decrease of precipitation, the average annual spring discharge decreased for approximately 25% in the 1980-2016 period. Detailed analysis of groundwater measurements indicated aquifer behaviour and the need for additional measurements and catchment delineation.
The air temperature trends measured at the central meteorological station Varaždin and the water temperature measured at the Botovo station on the Drava River were analyzed from 1 January 1969 to 31 December 2021. Analyses were performed for three different time scales: year, month, and day. Mann–Kendall testing statistically determined the significant trends over the analyzed period and found increasing air and water temperatures. From 1975 to 1989, three reservoirs of different volumes and water surface areas were built. The Botovo water measuring station is 11 km from the third largest reservoir and 28 km from the mouth. Applying the day-to-day (DTD) method, we determined that the variations in the daily air temperatures are significantly higher than the simultaneous variations in the daily water temperatures. Also, the rise in water temperatures at the downstream water measuring station Botovo was influenced by the construction of reservoirs. The commissioning of the second reservoir in 1982 caused a significant rise in water temperature at the Botovo station. Trends in water temperature increase during all months of the year were statistically significant, while air temperature trends were statistically significant during the warm parts of the year.
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