The autochthonous local genotypes of sweet cherries, which represent a very important genetic potential for future breeding programs. Understanding of the molecular basis biodiversity is one of the most important factors for the proper conservation, management and use of plant genetic resources. This paper investigate the genetic variability of 14 genotypes of sweet cherries using 26 SSR markers. The study included eight autochthonous genotypes of sweet cherry taken from four different location and six virus-free reference varieties of sweet cherry. The average genetic distance between them was 0.43. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight. The minimum number of two alleles of polymorphic loci showed EMPa003 and EMPa002, while the highest number of eight loci alleles had PceGA34 and UDP97-402. Results of genetic analysis that were done show that between autochthonous genotypes of sweet cherries ?Biljur-Bjelica?, ?Barevka? and ?Aslamka? (Kriskovci) there was no difference, it is to have the same genetic profil, which indicates that is the synonym, it is the same identity group. Also the autochthonous genotype ?Crveni Hrust? and ?Nordwunder? cultivar had the same SSR profile on microsatellite loci tested. The remaining autochthonous genotypes of sweet cherry had a unique genetic profile.
Banjaluka region is characterized by a very rich diversity of old and autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars, which represent a very important genetic potential for future breeding programs. Autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars are spontaneously propagated and used in very few areas for production and consumption in the fresh condition. A very small percentage of autochthonous cultivars are used in local markets or in some forms of processing. The main reason for this is the small number of individual trees whose fruits are used for own household and their poor management. In order to popularize the production and sale of autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars, during this research was perform the basic pomological measurements of the five most common autochthonous sweet cherry cultivars in the Banjaluka region (Ašlamka, Banjalučka crnica, Bjelica-Biljur, Cipov and Crveni hrušt). Pomological (the weight and dimensions of the fruit, weight and dimensions of the pit, dimension of the stalk and the firmness of the fruit flesh) and chemical (total soluble solids content of the fruit) fruit characteristics were determined. Results showed differences in investigated parameters between the cultivars.
Wider Banja Luka region has a very important gene pool of the old autochthonous varieties of different fruit species. Naturally, an important place in this gene pool is occupied by autochthonous varieties of pears that have various periods of maturation, interesting commercial and technological characteristics, and are sources of resistance genes to the economically most important diseases and pests, as well as to the external environmental conditions. This paper deals with 7 selected accessions of the Lubeničarka variety at the following locations: Prnjavor (village Orašje, accession G_19, town Prnjavor, accession G_20 and Kokori Crnadci G _18), Srbac, accessions G_15 and G_16, Banja Luka (Hisete G_14 and Bistrica G_17). In order to reliably prove that there are differences among selected accessions we have analyzed the genetic profiles using AFLP genetic markers and established, based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient, that there is a genetic variability among the studied accessions. Furthermore, based on these analyzes we have classified these studied varieties into 3 groups of which accession G_19 has a very large coefficient (0.4369) when compared to other accessions, so that the affiliation of this genotype to Lubeničarka variety stays questionable.
This study aims to do a morphological and biochemical characterization of selected wild hop populations from the Banja Luka region, as plant material with potential value for introduction into plant selection. Female inflorescences (cones) from seven populations (DKH3, DKH5, DKH6, DKH8, DKH9, DKH10, and DKH11) were sampled in 2018 and 2019. Hop cones were collected in October 2018 and 2019 for morphological characterization, when 50 cones per population were analyzed, and also the cones were collected in mid-September in 2019 for biochemical characterization. Morphological parameters were carried out for: cone length (cm), number of nodes per cone spindle, cone density, and number of seeds per cone, all important agronomic characters in hop production. Also, 27 components of essential oil and 6 components of hop resins were analyzed. Statistical analysis of morphological characteristics was performed by factorial analysis of variance (year × population), and the significance of individual differences was determined by LSD test. The grouping of examined hop populations according to the manifested morphological characteristics was performed by cluster analysis. Statistical analysis for biochemical characteristics was performed by analysis of variance, and the significance of the differences was tested by Tukey’s statistical test. In order to determine similarities between different population multivariant statistical method Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to morphological and biochemical analysis, DKH6 hop population is singled out as the most valuable for hop breeding.
Pear as a fruit species forms various categories of fruit-bearing branches during its life cycle. Depending on how many years it takes to form a young fruiting wood of pear cultivar from its meristem, there can be an annual, biennial, or perennial organogenesis cycle, which in the first place depends on cultivar’s genotype, the rootstock on which the cultivar is grafted, the applied agricultural techniques in nursery and other conditions. Knowledge of the individual pear cultivars organogenesis cycle is the basis for planning regular and stable yields. In order to determine the structure of a fruiting wood for an individual pear cultivar, it is necessary to make analyses on individual increment categories; what is developing from those increments in the following year. The morphological characteristics of annual increments are analysed (spurs, stems, and long shoots) of Packham’s Triumph pear cultivar, as well as the morphological characteristics of each category’s annual increment bourse-over-bourse, all with statistically significant difference between studied factors and factorial levels. Peckham’s Triumph had higher average length of long shoots in both examining years 2011 (53.63) and 2012 (45.33) and William's cultivar had the shorter ones.
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