RESUMO -(Crescimento e limitações à assimilação de carbono em Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) sob condições de estresse hídrico do solo). A disponibilidade hídrica pode infl uenciar o ganho de carbono e o crescimento, com grande impacto na produtividade das plantas. Ricinus communis (L.), uma espécie resistente à seca, é uma cultura de grande importância econômica no Brasil, devido ao seu uso na indústria química e para a produção de biocombustíveis. Alguns dos mecanismos envolvidos na resistência à seca desta espécie foram analisados através de um progressivo estresse hídrico em plantas cultivadas em vasos sob condições de casa de vegetação. A suspensão da irrigação por 53 dias decresceu o conteúdo gravimétrico de água no solo e o potencial hídrico das folhas. O crescimento das plantas foi negativamente e signifi cativamente reduzido pelo aumento do défi cit hídrico do solo. Com a suspensão da irrigação, a assimilação de carbono e a transpiração foram reduzidas e permaneceram praticamente constantes ao longo do dia. A análise das curvas A/C i demonstrou o aumento da limitação estomática, indicando que a limitação imposta pelo fechamento dos estômatos é o principal responsável pela redução da fotossíntese. A efi ciência de carboxilação e a taxa de transporte de elétrons não foram afetadas pelo estresse hídrico até 15 dias de suspensão da irrigação. A resistência à seca da mamona parece estar relacionada a uma resposta inicial e pronunciada do crescimento, a um efi ciente controle estomático e a capacidade de manter uma alta taxa de fi xação de CO 2 sob condições de estresse hídrico. Palavras-chave: curvas A/Ci, estresse hídrico, fotossíntese, limitação estomática, padrão diário ABSTRACT -(Growth and limitations to carbon assimilation in Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) under soil water stress conditions). Water availability may infl uence plant carbon gain and growth, with large impacts on plant yield. Ricinus communis (L.), a drought resistant species, is a crop with increasing economic importance in Brazil, due to its use in chemical industry and for the production of biofuels. Some of the mechanisms involved in this drought resistance were analyzed in this study by imposing progressive water stress to pot-grown plants under glasshouse conditions. Water withholding for 53 days decreased soil water gravimetric content and the leaf water potential. Plant growth was negatively and signifi cantly reduced by increasing soil water defi cits. With irrigation suspension, carbon assimilation and transpiration were reduced and remained mostly constant throughout the day. Analysis of A/ C i curves showed increased stomatal limitation, indicating that limitation imposed by stomatal closure is the main factor responsible for photosynthesis reduction. Carboxylation effi ciency and electron transport rate were not affected by water stress up to 15 days after withholding water. Drought resistance of castor bean seems to be related to a pronounced, early growth response, an effi cient stomatal control and the capacity to keep...

Litter production in forest ecosystems is a major indicator of primary productivity because litter helps incorporate carbon and nutrients from plants into the soil and is directly involved in plant-soil interactions. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem processes in subtropical forest fragments. In this work, we determined forest structural parameters and assessed seasonal leaf litter input, leaf decomposition rate, litter quality and soil characteristics in two subtropical Atlantic Forest fragments. Litter production was greater in the native fragment with the higher species diversity (FN1). Th e two native fragments (FN1 and FN2) diff ered in basal area, volume and dominance in the upper stratum, which were positively correlated with litter production in FN1 but negatively correlated in FN2. Soil in FN1 exhibited higher contents of organic C, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium, and the leaf litter had a higher C:N ratio. Although these results are consistent with a plant-soil feedback, which suggests the presence of a complementary eff ect, the dominance of certain families in subtropical forest fragments results in a selection eff ect on litter productivity and decomposition.

Influence of land-use on structural and functional macroinvertebrate composition communities associated on detritus in Subtropical Atlantic Forest streamsInfluência do uso da terra sobre a composição estrutural e funcional da comunidade de macroinvertebrados associados a detritos em riachos subtropicais da Floresta Atlântica Abstract: Aim: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effects of land use in drainage basins of the streams on the taxonomic and functional composition of aquatic invertebrate communities associated in leaf litter. Methods: We evaluated the colonisation of invertebrates in the incubated plant debris in streams with presence and absence of riparian vegetation and different land-uses in the drainage area. We used the litter bags approach. Results: The taxonomic and functional composition invertebrate associated with leaf litter ranged between streams. In addition, streams with presence of vegetation showed less variation taxonomic and functional composition communities. Still, the density of shredders invertebrates were lower in streams without vegetation. Conclusions: The riparian vegetation is an important environmental factor in the composition of invertebrates. However, the land-use throughout the drainage basin should be considered as relevant factor in structuring aquatic biota.

RESUMOA presença de água no solo, tanto em regime temporário quanto permanente, exige diferentes estratégias adaptativas das espécies vegetais que ocupam estas áreas. Neste sentido, investigamos as respostas morfológicas e de alocação de biomassa em plântulas de Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) submetidas a diferentes amplitudes e intensidades de inundação. Plântulas de Cedrela fissilis foram submetidas a duas intensidades de inundação (submersão ao nível de coleto e total) em três diferentes amplitudes (cinco, 15 e 20 dias) e após 30, 60 e 90 dias de recuperação da condição de inundação foram realizadas avaliações da altura da parte aérea, número de folhas, diâmetro do colo e índices de clorofila a, b e, total. Após 90 dias de recuperação, a altura total, diâmetro da raiz, comprimento da raiz, biomassa total, área foliar e o crescimento das raízes foram avaliados. Plântulas não inundadas constituíram um grupo controle. As plântulas submetidas à inundação total não sobreviveram. Por outro lado, as plântulas sob inundação parcial recuperaram a taxa de crescimento ao longo dos 90 dias de recuperação da inundação. Não foram observadas diferenças nas variáveis de crescimento e alocação de biomassa em relação às plântulas-controle. Todavia, observou-se que durante o período de recuperação, as plântulas submetidas a 20 dias de inundação parcial apresentaram maior taxa de abscisão foliar acompanhado por um aumento nos índices de clorofila a e b. Os resultados indicaram que esta espécie apresenta tolerância à intensidade de inundação parcial, devendo ser cuidadosamente selecionada quanto às áreas de plantio. Palavras-chave: alocação de biomassa; floresta ribeirinha; mudas florestais; regime hidrológico. ABSTRACTThe presence of water in the soil, in both temporary and permanent regimes, requires different adaptive strategies of plant species that occupy these areas. On this way, we investigated morphological responses of Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) seedlings subjected to different lengths and intensities of flooding. Seedlings of Cedrela fissilis were subjected to two flooding intensity treatments (up to the neck level and total submersion) in three different lengths (five, 15 and 20 days) and we assessed shoot height, numbers of leaf and leaflet, stem diameter and chlorophyll indices a, b and total after 30, 60 and 90 days of recovery from the flood condition. After 90 days of recovery, total height, root diameter, root size, total biomass, leaf area and root growth were evaluated. Non-flooded seedlings constituted a control group. The seedlings subjected to total flooding did not survive. On the other hand, those seedlings under partial flooding restarted

Flood events in riparian forests of southern Brazil, can be characterized as unpredictable and of low magnitude with an average duration of less than 15 days. Inga marginata is an evergreen tree which grows in Southeast South America on a wide range of environments, including riparian forests. In this paper, the interactive effects of the light environment and soil flooding on morphological parameters of I. marginata were examined. Seedlings were acclimated in two contrasting light conditions: sun or shade for 30 days. Sun and shade plants were subjected to soil flooding for two periods; five or 15 days. After 5 days, the interaction between flooding and light did not affect growth, chlorophyll content and dry mass or the root-shoot ratio. After 15 days, flooded plants from the sunny treatment had a lower shoot dry mass compared to control sun plants and flooded plants from the shaded treatment. Moreover, the higher dry mass observed for shade plants compared to sun plants, following flooding, can also be directly associated with a higher content of soluble sugars. Shade plants of I. marginata showed a greater acclimation to soil waterlogging. This acclimation appears to be associated with a larger accumulation of soluble sugars compared to non-flooded plants. The responses observed on the shade plants appear to be decisive to indicate the use of I. marginata in degraded areas.Keywords: waterlogging, acclimation, plant dry mass, reforestation, riparian forests. Respostas de crescimento e acúmulo de açúcares solúveis em Inga marginataWilld. (Fabaceae) submetida ao alagamento e sob condições contrastantes de luminosidade ResumoAs inundações em florestas ripárias do Sul do Brasil, podem ser caracterizadas como imprevisíveis e de baixa magnitude com uma duração média de menos de 15 dias. Inga marginata é uma árvore que cresce no sudeste da América do Sul em uma grande variedade de ambientes, incluindo matas ciliares. Neste trabalho, os efeitos combinados da luminosidade e do e alagamento do solo nos parâmetros morfológicos de I. marginata foram examinados. As plântulas foram aclimatadas em duas condições contrastantes de luminosidade: sol e sombra por 30 dias. Plantas de sol e sombra foram submetidas ao alagamento do solo por dois períodos; cinco ou 15 dias. Após 5 dias, a interação entre a inundação e luminosidade não afetou o crescimento, teor de clorofila e massa seca e a razão raiz-parte aérea. Após 15 dias, plantas de sol sob inundação apresentaram menor massa seca na parte aérea em relação as plantas controle de sol e as plantas alagadas de sombra. Além disso, a maior massa seca observada nas plantas de sombra em comparação com plantas de sol, sob inundação, pode ser diretamente associado com um maior teor de açúcares solúveis. Plantas de sombra de I. marginata mostraram uma maior aclimatação ao encharcamento do solo. Esta aclimatação parece estar associada com um maior acúmulo de açúcares solúveis em comparação com as plantas não-inundadas. As respostas observadas nas plantas de sombra parecem ser det...

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Soil carbon accumulation is largely dependent on net primary productivity. To our knowledge, there have been no studies investigating the dynamics of carbon accumulation in weathered subtropical soils, especially in managed eucalyptus plantations. We quantified the seasonal input of leaf litter, the leaf decomposition rate and soil carbon stocks in an commercial plantation of Eucalyptus saligna Labill. in southern Brazil. Our goal was to evaluate, through multiple linear regression, the influence that certain chemical characteristics of litter, as well as chemical and physical characteristics of soil, have on carbon accumulation in soil organic matter fractions. Variables related to the chemical composition of litter were not associated with the soil carbon stock in the particulate and mineral fractions. However, certain soil characteristics were significantly associated with the carbon stock in both fractions. The concentrations of nutrients associated with plant growth and productivity, such as phosphorus, sulfur, copper and zinc, were associated with variations in the labile carbon pool (particulate fraction). Clay content was strongly associated with the carbon stock in the mineral fraction. The carbon accumulation and stabilization in weathered subtropical Ultisol seems to be mainly associated with the intrinsic characteristics of the soil, particularly clay content, rather than with the quantity, chemical composition or decomposition rate of the litter.