In the present study we have calculated the Triple Differential Cross-Sections (TDCS) for the ionization of metastable 3S-state hydrogen atoms at 250 eV incidence electron energy for various kinematic conditions in the asymmetric coplanar geometry. A final state wave function of multiple scattering theory [11] has been used in the present study. The present results show a good qualitative agreement with the existing hydrogenic ground state experimental data and various related theoretical results. Some results of hydrogenic metastable states are also presented here for comparisons. However there is no existing theoretical and experimental works on hydrogenic metastable 3S-state except an existing theoretical first born result of Vu ǐ ̌ et al. [19].
In this work we have calculated first born triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for ionization of metastable 3Sstate hydrogen atoms by electrons. In this study the final state wave function is described by a multiple scattering theory for ionization of hydrogen atoms by electrons. Results show qualitative agreement with other existing theoretical results for ionization of hydrogen atoms from metastable 2S-state and 2P-state. There are no other available results for ionization of hydrogen atoms from metastable 3S-state. The present result offers an extensive scope for experimental verifications in such ionization process.
A final state wave function of multiple scattering theory developed by Das and seal is utilized in the present study to calculate the triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for the ionization of metastable 3S state hydrogen atoms at incident electron energy of 250 eV with the exchange effects in the asymmetric coplanar geometry for various kinematic conditions. Our present calculation results are compared with the available hydrogenic ground state experimental data and other existing theoretical results. A good qualitative agreement is shown with those of compared results of the present study specifically with hydrogenic ground state experimental data and metastable 2S and 2P state with exchange effect results. These new results offer an extensive scope for experimental verification in such ionization process.
Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is linked with amplified risk of variety of maternal and perinatal complications. There have been a number of studies comparing metformin with insulin in the management of GDM.
Methods: A clinical trial (Quasi experimental) was conducted on fifty women with GDM at their 24 – 34 weeks of gestation with the aim to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes treated by either insulin or metformin. The study population were recruited from obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department of Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, from July 2012 to December 2012.The patients were divided into two groups (nonrandomized), 25 patients in each, and were subjected to either injection insulin or oral metformin medication.
Results: The patients were grouped as insulin or metformin group. They were compared in terms of age, parity and developing maternal complications like preeclampsia (p=0.24), UTI (p=0.40), polyhydramnios (p=0.70). However, the incidence of preterm birth was higher among metformin group in comparison to insulin group (P=0.007).There was no significant difference between insulin and metformin group as regard to mode of delivery. The proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia in insulin group was higher than metformin group (P=0.46) but statistically not significant. Other neonatal outcomes such as macrosomia, birth asphyxia and hyperbillirubinaemia did not differ significantly between two groups.
Conclusion: In women with GDM, treatment with metformin is associated with higher proportion of preterm birth than with insulin. Proportion of neonatal hypoglycemia is higher with insulin use.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(1): 8-14
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