Abstrcirt. The effects of several central acting drugs on prolactin (PRL) secretion were compared in young (3-4 months) and old (18-19 months) Sprague-Dawley male rats. Administration of the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, methyl-DOPA, or the dopamine receptor blocker, haloperidol, produced a significantly greater increase in plasma PRL in the old than in the young rats. Stimulation of the serotonergic system by quipazine or enhancement of opioid activity by morphine produced a significantly greater rise in plasma PRL in the young than in the old male rats. Administration of the specific opiate antagonist, naloxone, reduced plasma PRL levels more in old than in young male rats. but this difference was not significant. Measurement of pituitary content and concentration of PRL revealed that both were significantly greater in old than in young male rats. These results suggest that hypothalamic dopamine continues to be an important inhibitor of PRL release in old male rats, whereas serotonin and the opiates become relatively less effective as stimulators of PRL release. 354
Background Leukemia is a cancer of the early-forming cells. Over the past decade, leukemia racial/ethnic disparities have been documented in the United States of America (USA). Although the Puerto Rican population in the USA represents the second-largest Hispanic population in the nation, most of the existing studies do not include Puerto Rico. We compared the incidence and mortality rates for leukemia and its subtypes in Puerto Rico and four racial/ethnic groups in the USA. Methods We used data from the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2015–2019). The racial/ethnic groups studied were non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), Hispanics (USH), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (NHAPI) living in the USA and the Puerto Rico population. We calculated the incidence and mortality rates. The relative risk of developing or dying due to leukemia was also calculated. Results Compared with Puerto Rico, NHW [standardized incidence rate (SIR) = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.40–1.53; standardized mortality rates (SMR) = 1.55; 95%CI = 1.45–1.65)] and NHB (SIR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.04–1.15; SMR = 1.27; 95%CI = 1.19–1.35) had higher incidence and mortality rates; but lower than the NHAPI (SIR = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.74–0.82; SMR = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.77–0.89); and similar to USH. However, we found differences among leukemia subtypes. For example, NHAPI and USH had lower risk of developing chronic leukemias than Puerto Rico. We found a lower risk to develop acute lymphocytic leukemia in NHB than in Puerto Rico. Conclusions Our study provides a better understanding of leukemia’s racial/ethnic disparities and fills a knowledge gap by examining the incidence and mortality rates in Puerto Rico. Future studies are needed to better understand the factors influencing the differences found in the incidence and mortality of leukemia among different racial/ethnic groups.
Background The use of markers has stimulated the development of more appropriate targeted therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We assessed the use and prevalence of biological and genetic markers of CLL and AML in the homogeneous Hispanic population of Puerto Rico. Methods We used the Puerto Rico CLL/AML Population‐Based Registry, which combines information from linked databases. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with biological and genetic testing. Results A total of 926 patients 18 years or older diagnosed with CLL ( n = 518) and AML ( n = 408) during 2011–2015 were included in this analysis. Cytogenetic testing (FISH) was reported for 441 (85.1%) of the CLL patients; of those, 24.0% had the presence of trisomy 12, 9.5% carried deletion 11q, 50.3% carried deletion 13q, and 6.3% carried deletion 17p. Regarding AML, patients with cytogenetics and molecular tests were considered to determine the risk category (254 patients), of which 39.8% showed poor or adverse risk. Older age and having more comorbidities among patients with CLL were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving a FISH test. Conclusions Although prognostic genetic testing is required for treatment decisions, the amount of testing in this Hispanic cohort is far from ideal. Furthermore, some tests were not homogeneously distributed in the population, which requires further exploration and monitoring. This study contributes to the field by informing the medical community about the use and prevalence of biological and genetic markers of CLL and AML. Similarly, it has the potential to improve the management of CLL and AML through benchmarking.
, 19 patients underwent for intent of curative resection. 13 out 19 were resectable. The median age was 65.6 years old. 27% were male and 73% were women. Pain was present on 58,8%. Jaundice was present on 78%. Cholecystits on 15,6%, cholelithiasis on 29,41%. Liver metastases were found on 34 patients at the moment of the diagnosis. Radical cholecystectomy was the procedure on 13 patients. Postoperative care in ICU was 0, 73 days. Morbidity 30e60 days was 2% and post operative mortality rate was 0%. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent pathology. Analysis: Gallbladder cancer is a complex pathology not well studied in Colombia. The experience after 24 months reported 51 cases and only 19 underwent for surgery and only 13 were resectable Multidisciplinary team was the key to have acceptable morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: Gallbladder cancer needs more attention on Colombia's public Health. Our small serie is significant on terms of the number of cases in a short period of time.
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