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The aim of this review was to test the hypothesis of no difference in the efficacy of bone regeneration when using stem cells in maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery in comparison to other grafts. Nine randomized clinical trials and one follow-up study involving human subjects were identified through a search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, supplemented by a hand search. No significant difference between groups was found for the implant survival rate, increase in bone height, marginal bone loss following implant placement, or new bone formation. With regard to the residual bone graft, an effect favouring the graft group at 3-4 months (P = 0.001) and favouring the stem cell group at 6 months (P = 0.01) was found. Analyses of the subgroup in which the BMAC system extraction method was used in combination with Bio-Oss, revealed no difference in new bone formation; however, the results for residual bone graft at 3 months favoured the control graft (Bio-Oss) (P = 0.01), but at 6 months favoured the stem cells (Bio-Oss + BMAC system) (P = 0.01). Based on all findings, the use of stem cells does not contribute significantly to greater implant survival rates or the efficacy of bone regeneration following sinus lift procedures.

The aim of the present overview was to evaluate the outcomes of systematic reviews to determine the incidence of condylar resorption in patients submitted to orthognathic surgery and analyze whether the risk of developing this condition is related to a specific type of surgery. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases for systematic reviews with quantitative data on condylar resorption due to any type of orthognathic surgery for dentoskeletal deformities published up to May 25, 2019. The AMSTAR 2 and Glenny tools were applied for the quality appraisal. Five systematic reviews were included for analysis. Only one article was considered to have high quality. Among a total of 5128 patients, 12.32% developed condylar resorption. From those patients, 70.1% had double jaw surgery, 23.4% had mandibular surgery alone, and in 6.5% a Lefort I technique was used. Based on these findings, bimaxillary surgery could be considered a risk factor for condylar resorption. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, since other factors, such as preoperative skeletal deformities, type of movement, and type of fixation, can contribute to the development of this condition. Further studies should consider reporting main cephalometric data, temporomandibular diagnosis, hormonal levels, and tomographic measures before and after the surgery at least every 6 months during the firsts two years to identify accurately risk factors for condylar resorption.

The mandibular asymmetry by shape is present in all patients and should not be articulated exclusively to pathological processes, therefore, along with sexual dimorphism and differences between skeletal classes must be taken into account for improving mandibular prediction systems.

<p><em><strong><span>Background:</span></strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span> </span></span><span>Predicting mandibular morphology is important in facial reconstruction for forensic purposes as in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery. This process has been performed through parametric and linear methods based on Caucasian populations. Also, these analyzes are performed on lateral cephalograms, but a prediction from a posteroanterior view is not taken into account.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Purpose:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>To predict through artificial neural networks the mandibular morphology using craniomaxillary measures in posteroanterior radiographs.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>229 standardized posteroanterior radiographs from Colombian young adults of both sexes were collected. Coordinates of craniofacial skeletal landmarks were used to create mandibular and craniomaxillary measures. 17 predictor craniomaxillary input variables were selected, measuring widths, heights, and angles. Similarly, 13 mandibular measures were selected to be predicted, considering both the right and left sides. Artificial neural networks were used for the prediction process and it was evaluated by a correlation coefficient using a ridge regression between real value and the predicted value.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Results:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The results found in the model were significant especially for 5 variables of morphological importance in the forensic field: right mandibular ramus (Cdd-God), bigonial width (Goi-God), bicondylar width (Cdi-Cdd), and distance between the condyles to the menton (Cdd-Me and Cdi-Me).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><strong>Conclusions:</strong></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>An important prediction capacity in 5 measures of forensic importance in patients with skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III was found in both sexes.</span></p>

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