Results revealed that high non-participation rates introduced bias into the raw estimates of correct safety seat use. Correct use estimates also varied substantially depending on which criterion (more stringent or less stringent) for correct use was applied in the analysis. When child age was the only criterion for correct use, estimates were higher than when more stringent criteria of child height and weight were applied to estimate rates of correct use. This study identifies the importance of managing high rates of non-response in safety seat observation studies using statistical techniques. Stringent criteria for correct use may provide more accurate estimates of the correct use of safety seats. Studies of child seat use in vehicles (using voluntary participation) may benefit from the use of naturalistic observation to capture non-participants' use of child occupant restraints, as it may more accurately estimate the rates of correct use in populations.
This study mainly explored the relationship between environmental uncertainty and the performance of Chinese public universities. Data were collected through questionnaires. The census sampling method was employed to select Chinese public universities as samples. Data from 315 valid questionnaire responses were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). It was found environmental uncertainty can not impact on university performance. Apart from contributing to theories and literature, this research provided empirical insights for public universities, the public sector and other stakeholders in developing countries, particularly China. The results lead leaders to attach importance to actively improve the performance of public universities. It was also pointed out that public universities and businesses have different attitudes towards environmental uncertainty. The nature of Chinese public universities is different from that of enterprises. Therefore, environmental uncertainty cannot directly affect performance.
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