Aim. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant and apoptotic potential of Ajwa date flesh (ADF) and Ajwa date pit (ADP) extract on human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-2). Method. ADF and ADP were extracted with a solvent extraction method using hexane, acetone, and ethanol, which were then subjected to antioxidant assay by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). HSC-2 cells were then treated with different concentrations of ADF and ADP extract for 24, 48, and 72 hours. MTT assay was performed to assess the antiproliferative effect, and Annexin V-FITC was used for the detection of cellular apoptosis. Results. Acetone extracts of ADF and ADP had the highest radical scavenging and antioxidant activities followed by the ethanolic extracts, whereas ADP appeared to have significantly higher antioxidant effects than ADF. MTT assay demonstrated that acetone extracts of ADF and ADP were significantly cytotoxic against HSC-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADF was found to be 8.69 mg/ml at 24 h, and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 50 mg/ml. The IC50 for the ADP was found to be 0.97 mg/ml at 24 h, and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 5 mg/ml. Statistical analysis of the flow cytometry assay showed that the treatment with ADF and ADP extracts had a significant apoptotic effect which occurred in a dose-dependent manner. HSC-2 cells were seen in the late apoptotic stage with higher doses of ADF and ADP extract. ADP extract demonstrated higher apoptotic activity than ADF extract. In addition, combined treatment of ADF and ADP was also performed on HSC-2 cells which demonstrated higher apoptotic activity when compared to the single extract. Conclusion. Ajwa date fruit has a promising cytotoxic effect by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of OSCC cells and inducing cell death by apoptosis.
Background. Cancer is primarily caused by smoking, alcohol, betel quit, a series of genetic alterations, and epigenetic abnormalities in signaling pathways, which result in a variety of phenotypes that favor the development of OSCC. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for 80–90% of all oral malignant neoplasms. Oral cancer is relatively common, and it is frequently curable when detected and treated early enough. The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is used to determine patient prognosis; however, geographical inaccuracies frequently occur, affecting management. Objective. To determine the additional relationship between factors discovered by searching for sociodemographic and metastasis factors, as well as treatment outcomes, which could help improve the prediction of the survival rate in cancer patients. Material and Methods. A total of 56 patients were recruited from the ambulatory clinic at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). In this retrospective study, advanced computational statistical modeling techniques were used to evaluate data descriptions of several variables such as treatment, age, and distant metastasis. The R-Studio software and syntax were used to implement and test the hazard ratio. The statistics for each sample were calculated using a combination model that included methods such as bootstrap and multiple linear regression (MLR). Results. The statistical strategy showed R demonstrates that regression modeling outperforms an R-squared. It demonstrated that when data is partitioned into a training and testing dataset, the hybrid model technique performs better at predicting the outcome. The variable validation was determined using the well-established bootstrap-integrated MLR technique. In this case, three variables are considered: age, treatment, and distant metastases. It is important to note that three things affect the hazard ratio: age ( β 1 : -0.006423; p < 2 e − 16 ), treatment ( β 2 : -0.355389; p < 2 e − 16 ), and distant metastasis ( β 3 : -0.355389; p < 2 e − 16 ). There is a 0.003469102 MSE for the linear model in this scenario. Conclusion. In this study, a hybrid approach combining bootstrapping and multiple linear regression will be developed and extensively tested. The R syntax for this methodology was designed to ensure that the researcher completely understood the illustration. In this case, a hybrid model demonstrates how this critical conclusion enables us to better understand the utility and relative contribution of the hybrid method to the outcome. The statistical technique used in this study, R, demonstrates that regression modeling outperforms R-squared values of 0.9014 and 0.00882 for the predicted mean squared error, respectively. The conclusion of the study establishes the superiority of the hybrid model technique used in the study.
Background: Low power laser therapy or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is relatively novel and has demonstrated tremendous advantages in dentistry which includes reduction in post-surgical pain as well as swelling and also accelerates wound healing and helps in bone regeneration etc. Objective: This systematic review aimed to find out whether low-level laser therapy promotes tooth extraction wound healing. Materials and Methods: Literature was searched from January 2010 till 31 December 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science. Further findings were done from gray literature google scholar, and Research Gate using Low-level laser therapy, photobiomodulation, wound healing, extraction socket healing, cold laser, biostimulation, low-level laser irradiation, and phototherapy. Any article that reported effects of low-level laser therapy on wound healing was included. 19 studies fulfilled the criteria and were included for this systematic review. Quality assessment was done for each article using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Results and Discussion: Throughout the search, approximately 22,808 relevant articles were found. Out of which 50 articles fulfilled the selection criteria. 31 articles were excluded because that did not fulfill inclusion criteria. 19 articles were included for this systematic review that compared the effects of low level-laser therapy on wound healing after extraction of a tooth. Conclusion: Overall, this systematic review concluded that low-level laser therapy enhanced the process of wound healing after extraction of teeth but most of the research was conducted on animals. Further research is needed to investigate the biostimulatory effects of low-level irradiation on wound healing after extraction of a tooth Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 585-597
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