We have developed a new 40-item SLEQOL in English and showed that it is valid for use in SLE patients in Singapore. It offers better content validity and responsiveness to change than the SF-36.
CONTEXT The shift in medical education from time-based learning to outcome-based learning has drawn much attention to entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as an ideal assessment framework to translate competencies into clinical practice. Given the relative novelty of EPAs, this review aims to highlight research gaps and explore and consolidate available evidence pertaining to the development and implementation of EPAs in health care.RESULTS Eighty articles were included in the review. All articles were published between 2010 and 2018. Three major themes and eight subthemes were generated: (i) development of EPAs (frameworks for EPA development and implementation, identifying core or specialtyspecific EPAs, and EPAs for faculty development), (ii) evaluation of EPAs and EPA entrustment factors (revised curriculum, entrustment decisions for professional activities, and feedback on implemented EPAs and the development process), and (iii) future directions and recommendations for EPAs (implementation of EPAs in undergraduate medical education and specific disciplines, and other criticisms and recommendations for EPAs).CONCLUSIONS Entrustable professional activities are an essential means to translate competencies into observable and measurable clinical practice. However, high-level evidencebased research on the efficacy, development and implementation of EPAs for specific target groups (i.e. undergraduates and staff) and geographical regions (i.e. Asia and Africa) is still lacking, which suggests a direction for future research.
The findings indicate that there are different risk factors for falls for people living in residential aged care facilities who can and cannot stand unaided. These findings provide important information for developing fall-prevention strategies and suggest that those who can stand unaided but have multiple falls risk factors constitute the highest priority group for such interventions.
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