Recently, interest in exploring professional financial issues mainly money management was shown to be highly increased due to the societal awareness of its benefits. The skill of money management is a major tool in exercising control over them to obtain quality life as working adults. Stratified random sampling was used to examine the spending patterns of student population at one of Malaysia universities. Due to the habit of student expenditures on campus which was shown to influence the way money is managed through their lives. Taking a look at literatures from researchers outside Malaysia, it can be seen that financial literacy among students is required to restrain future problems that may arise from lack of knowledge on individual financial management. This study emphasizes the need on financial literacy awareness among the students looking into their background, financial awareness, attitude and family. Data analysis show that majority of the students do not put to practice correct skill in money management.
Most authors and researchers consistently perceive ethics as being invariably divided into two clearly discernible divisions. The Kantian categorically imperative and universalistic divinity prescribes a somewhat non-negotiable and positivistic duty based maxim that guide the actualization of altruism. Conversely, the contemporary but more relative utilitarian approach advocates that an action that produces the greatest wellbeing of good for the greatest number is undeniably the ethical one. Clearly, it makes little sense and very negligible contribution to literature if corporations are continuously misled to believe that such strict and fervent dichotomy exist. On one hand, business firms in this globalized era are increasingly pressured to comply with emerging universalistic international laws. On the other, business firms cannot remain entirely altruistic. Corporations greatly need the flexibility and capability to relate dissimilar cultural contents and moral distorts. This paper maintains that there is an inextricable link between universalism and utilitarianism. The association between the two is at best complex and intricate. Business firms commonly usurp a utilitarian slant where relativity and ability to adapt is pivotal. However, a firm is estopped from usurping utilitarianism if a firm’s conduct falls below the threshold and minimum content of morality. This would immediately instigate a punctuated equilibrium in the firm triggered through a tsunamic impact, causing the firm to refresh into a universalistic mode. This punctuated equilibrium is frequently activated by external factors that are adequately vigorous to refresh and reset the moral values of a firm. Consider Shell’s defensive posture over the Brent Oil Spar allegation which left the firm with diving stock value and tarnished branding. Shell since then has taken a more Kantian receptive posture of apologizing for their catastrophic mistakes which resembled a renewed commitment to the betterment of human kind. This paper contributes to better the understanding of this ethical transition that firms might experience in their course of organization life cycle and how it can be managed tactfully.
Corporate social responsibility has been a densely researched area. Research paradigms have evolved significantly stamping from a sociological focus to a more business integrated framework and the currently growing emphasis on quantifying its performance. However, while much literatures champion the proponents of a proactive corporate social responsibility, the contributions of the more responsive version have been largely under studied. This is not an empirical paper. Far from it, this paper attempts to unveil the current literature gaps pertaining to responsive corporate social responsibility. This paper explores the intrinsic contributions of responsive corporate social responsibility on the moral discourse, organisational change and reputation management in an organisation. It theorises the concept of responsive corporate social responsibility as a moderator of external pressures, as a vector of a moral reboot in organisation change and a device for salvaging reputational damage in business organisations. This paper draws from the literature gaps between studies of normative morality and its interaction in principles of general management, organisational change concepts, branding and corporate reputation. It underwrites to examine the moral contents and discourse of business firms when faced with hostile externalities and studies the moral entrails in its organisational change processes and sequentially how this implicates the corporate reputation of a firm. This paper argues that the impacts of responsive corporate social responsibility and its ability to impact moral dispositions in business organisations deserve closer scrutiny. Study on the influence of responsive corporate social responsibility on organisation change and reputational salvage has similarly is also underscored. This article provides a theoretical review of the emerging gaps in corporate social responsibility and prompts that the concept of responsive social responsibility warrants closer attention.
and Technology. He has published many research articles in different fields. One of his research interests is MOOC.
Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) refers to where manufacturing industries absorbed by intelligent equipment such as products and machines which able to generate intelligent systems and networks. This will help to communicate with each other autonomously. Intelligent sensing, wireless sensor networks and CPSs are fundamental technologies which Germany focusing on. IR 4.0 will include effective independent physical systems associated with each other and smart operations will be carried out by the environment. The IR 4.0 as a revolution empowered by application of advanced progresses at era level to bring unused values and organizations for clients and organization itself. Researcher believes that the outcomes of this study may contribute to the manufacturing to understand the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution that may occur and to finds out the solution in order to ensure the success of this emerging industry.
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