Background: The objective multiple-choice test is an assessment method that has been applied widely in universities. The meticulous judgment of complication and differentiation level of objective test questionnaire can beneficially lead to the growth of high quality multiple-choice questionnaire bank and effective examination. Objectives: To evaluate the difficulty level and differentiate level of the objective multiple-choice tests. Materials and method: The multiple-choice theory test (01 Elemental medical exam with 242 students, 01 Clinical medicine exam with 163 students). The difficulty degree of questions was determined by calculating the percentage of students who gave the answers correctly for the given questions in total. The differentiation level was differentiated by the percentage of students who answered correctly in corresponding groups: excellent, good, average, below average, poor. Results: The elemental medical examination comprises 7 hard questions, 58 medium questions, and 35 simple questions; 10 questions have poor degree of difference, 83 questions have good and very good degree of difference. The clinical medicine examination comprises 9 hard questions, 57 medium questions and, 34 simple questions; 23 questions have poor degree of differentiation, 51 questions have good and very good degree of difference. Conclusions: It is crucial to evaluate the difficulty and differentiation standards of the objective multiple-choice examination which enhance the quality of assessment. Thereby, the faculties need to regularly judge these factors while creating the questionnaire and completely evaluating the tests, and the inappropriate questions will be eliminated. Keywords: difficulty level, differentiation level, Objective multiple-choice test.
Background: Herbal compress is an ancient method based on heating compress method originating from traditional medicine, the heat combined with medicinal herbs speed up the metabolism of the damaged zone. Based on that, the method could also inhibit the sensation of pain, excite, relax and treat the muscle tissue. This method has a good effect on reducing knee swelling and pain, easing knee joint stiffness, fits the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Electroacupuncture generating electrical impulses has the effect of relieving pain, improving circulation combined with “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy having the effect of expelling wind, scattering cold, eliminating dampness, stopping pain, tonifying the Qi and Blood, and strengthening the Liver and Kidney. Using “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy, electroacupuncture combined with herbal compress bring out high clinical efficiency. Objectives: To compare the efficiency between 2 methods including electroacupuncture, “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy combined with herbal compress and electroacupuncture, “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy in the treatment of knee pain due to knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Including 80 patients diagnosed with primary knee osteoarthritis were treated at Thua Thien Hue Traditional Medicine Hospital. The study was designed by the method of prospective study, to evaluate the efficiency of before and after treatment. Results: group 1: good level 72.5%, fair level 25%,average level 2.5%; group 2: good level 52.5%, fair level 37.5%, average level 10.0%. During the treatment there were no clinically significant side effects. Conclusion: Treating knee pain due to knee osteoarthritis by using electroacupuncture, “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy combined with herbal compress brings out better clinical effectiveness than the group without herbal compress. Key words: knee osteoarthritis, electroacupuncture, “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy, herbal compress.
Background: Vitex negundo L. leaves are a medicinal herb with many therapeutic effects, especially bone and joint diseases. At Traditional Medicine Hospital of Thua Thien Hue, method of using Vitex negundo L. leaves for patients who have joint diseases was shown to good treatment results. Besides, preparation of cream are convenient to use and take advantage of a precious and available medicinal herb of Vietnam. Objectives: To determine the formula, preparation process of products from the leaves of Vitex negundo L., determining the total flavonoid content of the product obtained and initial investigation of anti-inflammatory effects of prepared products. Methods: Building oriented formulas and investigating excipients. Development of a preparation process by emulsification method. Evaluation of the quality of prepared products by the Center for Drug - Cosmetic - Food Testing in Thua Thien Hue. Quantification of total flavonoids according to the method of Chang (2002). Investigation of anti-inflammatory effects based on carrageenan inflammation model in experimental rats. Results: Cream formula with the main ingredient was condensed glue of Vitex negundo L. 5%; Olive oil 10%; Glycerin 4%; Propylene glycol 15%; Ceteareth 20,4%; Cremophor RH40 7%; Nipagin 0.18%; Nipazol 0.02%; Menthol 0.05%. The cream product was smooth, homogeneous, dark brown in color, lightly scented, and met the basic standards. Total flavonoid content condensed glue of Vitex negundo L. was 13.18 ± 0.207, cream of Vitex negundo L. was 12.96 ± 0.163 (p > 0.05). The product was preliminarily evaluated to have the anti-inflamation effect in mice. Conclusions: Building a complete cream formula that met quality standards, the total flavonoid content was not lost much after the preparation process Key words: Vitex negundo L., the total flavonoid content, quality standards.
Background: Low back pain is a very common disease in daily life and clinical, which affects much to the health. Traditional medical symptoms of low back pain are very diverse and clinically difficult to diagnose. So we conduct this study to contribute to the standardization of symptoms according to traditional medicine and initially contributed to the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Objectives: to survey the frequency of clinical symptoms according to traditional medicine in patients with low back pain and find out some factors related to the frequency of clinical types of the disease. Subjects and Methods: Including 92 patients were diagnosed with low back pain and treatment at the Traditional Medicine department of Hue Central Hospital and Thua Thien Hue Traditional Medicine Hospital. Research methodology is descriptive cross-sectional. Results: The symptoms of the tongue: 65.2% pale red tongue, 6.5% bluish purple tongue, 37.0% enlarged tongue, 8.7% thin tongue. About the tongue fur: 68.5% white fur and 31.5% yellow fur, 42.4% moist fur, 4.3% sticky slimy fur, 58.7% thin fur and 41.3% thick fur. The symptoms of the pulse: 17.4% floating pulse, 69.6% sunken pulse, nmoderate pulse 43.5%, powerful pulse 84.8%, weak pulse 15.2%. Among the patients have 33.7% constipation, 45.7% nocturia, 34.8% inability to sleep, 17.4% night sweating 12.0% spontaneous sweating. Conclusion: Symptoms: pale red tongue, white fur, moist fur, thin fur, constipation, nocturia, inability to sleep, sunken pulse, moderate pulse, powerful pulse have high rate; Symptoms have low rate such as bluish purple, the thin tongue, sticky slimy fur. There were significant relationships between clinical types and age, tongue color, tongue fur color, pain properties and pulse frequency (p < 0.05). Key words: Low back pain, symptoms, traditional medicine.
Backgrounds: Shoulder and neck pain is a common disease in the world as well as in Viet Nam and tends to increasingly rejuvenate, it impacts on patient’s ability to work and quality of life. Surveying the clinical symptoms according to the traditional medicine on purpose of making diverse diagnostic and towards comprehensive treatment. Therefore, in this study we contribute to build standardization of diagnostic symptoms according to traditional medicine. Objectives: To survey the frequency of some clinical symptoms according to traditional medicine and find outseveral factors related with frequency appear clinical groups of shoulder and neck pain. Materials and Methods: Including 87 patients were diagnosed with shoulder and neck pain treatment at the Traditional Medicine Department of Hue Central Hospital and Thua Thien Hue Traditional Medicine Hospital. Research methodology is descriptive cross-sectional. Results: about the tongue body: higher abnormal group is 18.4% pale tongue, 27.6% enlarged tongue. About the tongue fur: 75.9% white fur, 58.6% thin fur, slippery fur (31%) is higher than dry fur (17.2%). Cold symptom are the most common: warm compress relieve pain (62.1%). Heat symptom are the most common: dry thirsty mouth (34.5%). About pain feature, common symptoms such as press relieve pain (64.4%), dull pain (71.3%) and persistent pain (69%). About the pulse: sunken pulse 65.5%, slow pulse (31.1%), moderate pulse (47.1%), weak pulse (55.2%). Conclusion: symptoms have high rate such as pink moist tongue, white fur, dull pain, sunken pulse. Symptoms have low rate such as bluish purple tongue, sticky slimy fur. There were significant relationships between clinical groups and age, gender, disease duration, warm compress relieve pain, body palpation and pulse frequency (p <0.05). Key words: frequency, symptoms, shoulder and neck pain, traditional medicine.
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