Various local duck breeds are endemic, and these have comparative advantages compared to imported livestock due to high ability to adapt with local environments and good production characteristics as a result of less artificial selection (Subekti et al., 2019;Nova et al., 2020;Rafian et al., 2022). During past decades, climate change has
This study aimed to better understand the genetic diversity of native buffalo populations in different regions of Vietnam based on nucleotide sequence in a displacement loop (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Thirty-one blood samples that were collected from three native buffalo populations such as Bao Yen (BY: 7 samples), LangBiang (LB: 7 samples) and Thanh Chuong (TC: 7 samples) and two imported buffaloes from Thailand (T: 5 samples) and India (Murrah -M: 5 samples) were extracted for total DNA and amplified about 760 bp mtDNA fragment, with 576 bp in the D-loop region, followed by sequencing to analyze genetic diverse indices and genetic distance to construct a phylogenetic tree. Results showed that the fragment of 760 bp was successfully amplified. Variations of nucleotide sequence in 576 bp fragment length from 31 individual buffaloes were analyzed and revealed the nucleotide composition as Adenine (A) = 32.6%, Thymine (T) = 26.8 %, Guanine (G) = 14.7% and Cytosine (C) = 25.9%. A total of 108 nucleotide polymorphic sites and 26 haplotypes were observed. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity index (π and Hd) were 0.06267 and 0.987, respectively. Genetic distance among swamp buffalo populations was smaller (ranging 0.050-0.056) than between Murrah and the swamp buffalo populations (ranging 0.091-0.125). Among the three native Vietnamese buffalo groups, the genetic distance between Bao Yen and LangBiang (0.050) buffalo populations was smaller than between Thanh Chuong and Bao Yen (0.055) or LangBiang (0.056). The phylogenetic tree showed that domestic buffalo populations are separated into two clusters that could be distinguished from the Murrah population. In conclusion, the genetic variation on Vietnamese domestic buffaloes is higher than other Asian swamp buffaloes. Most of native buffalo populations cluster in one clade and have a genetic relationship closer to Thai and Philippine swamp buffaloes in maternal origin. Further insights regarding the genetic diversity of Vietnamese native buffaloes will require more in-depth studies.
The hypervariable region (D-loop) of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) of local goat breeds in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam was studied to provide useful information on their origin. Blood samples were taken from two local goat breeds in Ninh Thuan (De Co = CO and Bach Thao = BT, 10 samples each) and three other exotic goats including Saanen (SA; 10 samples), Red Boer (RB; 10 samples) and White Boer (WB; 9 samples) raised at An Phu Dairy Company in Cu Chi District, Ho Chi Minh City. Extracted mtDNA was used to amplify the fragment of 687 bp in the D-loop by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing to analyze nucleotide polymorphism, haplotype diversity and genetic distance to construct a phylogram. Results showed that the fragment of 687 bp was successfully amplified. Examination of 49 sequence variants in 599 bp of the control region revealed the nucleotide composition was Adenine (A) = 32.55%, Thymine (T) = 28.33%, Guanine (G) = 14.67%, Cytosine (C) = 24.87% and G+C content was 39.12%. Out of a total of 50 nucleotide polymorphic sites, 48 were transition and 2 were transversion, with 21 haplotypes observed. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity indices (π and Hd) were 0.03005 and 0.889, respectively. The genetic diversity of Saanen goats was highest at (π) = 0.03031 and (Hd) = 0.987, while the lowest genetic diversity was found in Bach Thao goats (π = 0.00089 and Hd = 0.533). Genetic distance between WB and CO or BT was higher (0.058) than between RB and CO or BT (0.056 or 0.055). The lowest genetic distance was found between CO and BT goats (0.001). Most local goat breeds were grouped in one clade, with exotic goat breeds concentrated in other clade, indicating clear maternal divergence between local and exotic goat breeds. D-loop mtDNA diversity within the two local goat breeds in Ninh Thuan Province of Vietnam was low, indicating a close genetic relationship with Indochina goats (Laos), separated into a sub-lineage from maternal lineage B. Further insights regarding the genetic diversity of Vietnamese local goats require detailed in-depth studies.
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