The evidence-based practice movement in psychology (EBPP) is a relatively recent initiative to improve client care by integrating the best available research evidence with clinicians' expertise in the context of patient values and preferences. As this movement gains momentum in the field of psychology, training programs will likely need to modify their curricula to include training in the process of EBPP. An online survey was conducted of clinical psychology graduate students in programs that identified themselves as having a scientist-practitioner or clinical science model (N = 1,195). Understanding of, experiences with, attitudes towards, and training in EBPP was assessed. Students had a generally favorable view of psychology's move toward EBPP. Although students reported a moderate amount of exposure to and experiences with EBPP, misunderstandings about the principles of EBPP were prevalent. Compared to students planning primarily clinical practice careers, students planning primarily clinical research careers were more favorable towards EBPP, expected EBPP to be more influential in their future careers, and were more likely to use research, but less likely to use client preferences to guide treatment planning. Recommendations for modifying training programs to promote EBPP are discussed.
The purpose of the study was to (a) explore the relationship between sexual cultural scripting and traditional masculine norms on changes in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, and (b) examine traditional masculine norms as an effect modifier among young heterosexual men. This study is a secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study of 119 young heterosexual men who were followed for 6 months. The adjusted logistic regression results revealed that sexual cultural scripting norms were associated with an increased odds of emotional IPV perpetration and traditional masculine norms were associated with an increased odds of physical IPV perpetration in the past 6 months. There were no significant interaction effects between sexual cultural scripting and traditional masculine norms on IPV perpetration. These findings suggest that socially constructed norms and beliefs surrounding masculinity, femininity, and how women and men interact in sexual relationships are important constructs for understanding the etiology of young men's use of violence against a female partner. While primary IPV interventions targeting young men do address masculinity, sexual cultural scripting is an additional concept that should also be addressed.
This study investigated linkages between various dimensions of mother— daughter communication about sex and sexual intercourse in a sample of 274 middle- to upper-income African American adolescent girls, drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls who reported closer relationships with their mothers were less likely to have had sexual intercourse. They were more likely to report a history of sexual intercourse when their mothers communicated frequently about sexual topics and when daughters perceived their mothers as being more approving of premarital sex. Daughters were less likely to be sexually active when their mothers reported more discussions related to the negative consequences of premarital sex and to delaying sexual intercourse for moral reasons. The implications of these findings for upwardly mobile African American families are discussed.
This study examined clinical psychology graduate students' definitions of diversity and their perceptions of their exposure to and satisfaction regarding their level of diversity training. Four hundred and ninety-one students from Counsel of University Directors of Clinical Psychology (CUDCP) member programs completed an online survey. Overall, students perceived that their programs considered diversity narrowly, concentrating primarily on ethnicity, race, and culture to the neglect of sexual orientation, religion, language, and physical disability. Likewise, students expressed greater satisfaction with training regarding ethnicity/race and gender than broader areas of diversity, but rated the importance of addressing all areas of diversity as high. Although this study underscores the limited experience that students perceive they have had with various underrepresented groups, programs appear to have incorporated a variety of diversity training modalities that could be expanded upon to meet the interests of psychology students.
Women who experience intimate partner violence may be at elevated risk for poor sexual health outcomes including sexual transmitted infections (STIs). This association however, has not been consistently demonstrated in low-income or post-conflict countries; furthermore, the role that attitudes towards intimate partner violence play in sexual health outcomes and behaviour has rarely been examined. We examined associations between intimate partner violence experiences, accepting attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence, and sexual health and behavioural outcomes among 592 young women in post-conflict Liberia. Participants’ experiences with either moderate or severe physical violence or sexual violence were common. Additionally, accepting attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence were positively associated with reporting STI symptoms, intimate partner violence experiences and the ability to negotiate safe sex. Findings suggest that for sexual health promotion and risk reduction intervention efforts to achieve full impact, interventions must address the contextual influence of violence, including individual attitudes toward intimate partner violence.
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