Cowpea is one of the main food crops in the Northeast region of Brazil, thus, breeders have carried out researches to identify genotypes with good production response and attributes that satisfy growers and consumer market demands for green beans and pods. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a selection index that assists in the recommendation of cowpea cultivars for green bean production and select the best genotypes based on this index. Twenty cowpea genotypes, including lines and cultivars, were evaluated for eleven characters in five locations in the state of Ceará, Brazil: Acaraú, Pentecoste, Crato, Mauriti, and Madalena. A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The characters evaluated were: number of days for the beginning of flowering (NDF), number of days for maturation (NDM), plant height (PH), green pod length (GPL), number of beans per green pod (NBP), green pod weight (GPW), bean weight per green pod (BWP), one hundred green bean weight (100GBW), bean index (BI), green pod yield (GPY), and green bean yield (GBY). The results of the characters were subjected to analysis of relative importance, estimated by principal component analysis and analysis of factors, and used to develop selection indexes. The following index was obtained: I 3 = 0.079 NDF -0.083 PH + 0.119 GPL + 0.034 GPW -0.176 100GBW + 0.340 GPY. This index indicated that the genotypes MNC05-847B-123, Azulão-MS, MNC00-595F-27, MNC99-541F-15, MNC05-835B-16, and MNC00-595F-2 are the most promising for green bean production.
Resumo -A cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) é extremamente rica em conhecimentos técnico-científicos, possuindo grande valor econômico e bom potencial para gerar renda a muitas famílias, principalmente a pequenos produtores. Objetivando avaliar a ação de inseticidas vegetais associados a variedades de milhos resistentes a Spodoptera frugiperda, realizaram-se duas pesquisas em condições de campo em Juazeiro do Norte. A condução da primeira pesquisa deu-se no período de18 de março a 07 de abril de 2011, com dezesseis variedades de milhos: Cateto Sete Lagoas Flint; Central MexDent; Maya; Catingueira; Asteca; BR 106; Composto Flint; Asteca Dent; Jose Lucena; Neuton Pequeno; Maria Firmino; Milho Pão; Armazém; José Geraldo; ACB Várzea Alegre e Francisco de Assis. Avaliaram-se os danos das lagartas baseados em uma escala visual de notas. Após detectar os milhos mais resistentes, realizou-se a segunda pesquisa no mesmo local, de 18 de maio a 01 de junho de 2011, submetendo-os a três aplicações semanais de Natuneem® (azadiractina) e Rotenat® (rotenona), utilizando-se a mesma escala de notas. A variedade José Lucena é mais resistente ao ataque da praga, enquanto que ACB Várzea Alegre e Francisco de Assis são as mais suscetíveis. As demais expressam resistência intermediária. A ação da azadiractina e rotenona associada a variedade José Lucena reduz os danos das lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda em condições de campo. Palavras-chave -Inseticidas botânicos. Lagarta do cartucho. Plantas resistentes.Abstract -The corn cultivation is full of scientific and technical knowledge, having great economic value and good potential to generate income to many families, especially those of small producers. Aiming to evaluate the performance of insecticides associated to varieties of maize plants resistant to Spodoptera frugiperda, two researchs were conducted under field conditions in Juazeiro do Norte. The first research begun on 18 March to 7 April 2011, and aimed the detection of the resistant mazes among 16 varieties: Cateto Sete Lagoas Flint; Central MexDent; Maya; Catingueira; Asteca; BR 106; Composto Flint, Asteca Dent, Jose Lucena; Neuton Pequeno; Maria Firmino; Milho Pão; Armazém; José Geraldo; ACB Várzea Alegre e Francisco de Assis. The damages caused by the caterpillars were graded by a visual scale. After the detection of more resistant varieties, the second research was performed at the same place from 18 th may to 1 st june 2011, applying Natuneem ® (azadirachtin ) and Rotenat ® (rotenone), three times a week to those corns. The damages were graded using the same visual scale. The varieaty José Lucena is the more resistant against to pest attack, while that ACB Várzea Alegre and Francisco de Assis were the more susceptible. The others varieties expressed intermediate resistance. The action of azadirachtin and rotenone associated with the corn José Lucena reduces the damages caused by Spodoptera frugiperda at field conditions.
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