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Abstract.Objectives: To present suggestions on planning for development of emergency medicine (EM) and out-of-hospital care in countries that are in an early phase of this process, and to provide basic background information for planners not already familiar with EM. Methods: The techniques and programs used by the authors and others in assisting in EM development in other countries to date are described. Conclusions: Some aspects of EM system development have applicability to most countries, but other aspects must be decided by planners based on country-specific factors. Because of the very recent initiation of many EM system development efforts in other countries, to the authors' knowledge there have not yet been extensive evaluative reports of the efficacy of these efforts. Further studies are needed on the relative effectiveness and cost-benefit of different EM development efforts. Key words: emergency medicine development; international emergency medicine; system development; EMS systems. ACA-DEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2000; 7:911-917 T HE specialty of emergency medicine (EM) is only now beginning to develop in a number of countries throughout the world, and in fact is a relatively new specialty even in countries where it is currently well established. For countries considering developing EM and for those just starting this process, to our knowledge there have not been previously published planning recommendations The goal of this article is to present general recommendations for development planning for the specialty of EM 1 that would be applicable to any country considering, or having already started, this specialty. We suggest sequential steps that can be considered by planners interested in developing EM and out-of-hospital care [or emergency medical services (EMS) systems] within any country. Our intended audience includes policy makers, government officials, and educators who may not necessarily already be familiar with EM as a specialty.Our suggestions are based on our collective experience involving assistance with EM system development in more than 20 countries. We acknowledge and emphasize that the content of this article is based solely on our experience, and the results of our development efforts to date have not been validated by published research studies. However, we hope that this paper will be useful in assisting and facilitating EM development in other countries and make the initial process easier and quicker for those involved. We also hope that this article will help planners avoid some of the mistakes and pitfalls that occurred during EM development in
INTERNATIONAL EMHolliman et al.• EM DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENDATIONS countries where the specialty is now well established. Our interest in EM system development stems from a desire to promote optimum emergency patient care and quality EM clinical training programs, and not from a desire to promote any particular medical or cultural system. Not all of the features or considerations mentioned here will be applicable to, or adoptable by, all c...
Video is a popular format for teaching and learning online. Emergency medicine (EM) has been a leader in online learning and EM educators may wish to use video to teach. The creation of online video content is fraught with pitfalls that may make videos less effective. We review notable theory and evidence regarding effective use of video for education in EM with international considerations. E mergency medicine (EM) has been a pioneer in the creation and dissemination of online resources for learners. 1 Video, in various forms, is a common modality for online teaching. The nature of EM puts educators in a unique position to produce videos on a breadth of topics, which may impact patient care both inside and outside of the specialty. With globalization and the continued spread of the internet, EM educators can have a worldwide educational reach. 2 While online resources proliferate, debate continues about their value. [3][4][5][6][7] Guides exist for making educational videos more effective and easier to produce. 8-10 Reviews of educational theory as it applies to video production also exist. 11,12 We aim to offer evidence-and theory-based strategies for the EM educator who wishes to pursue effective video production.
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