Identification of major genes, that genetically impact fat tissue formation is important for successful selection of lean animals with good meat quality. Because of its central role in fat cell differentiation and muscle fibre type determination, PPARGC1 is a potential candidate gene affecting fattening traits and pig meat quality. In this study, a T/A substitution at position 1378 (GenBank accession no. AY346131) in the porcine PPARGC1 gene causing a Cys430Ser amino acid substitution at position 430 was genotyped on a total of 239 animals, including 101 from seven Chinese and 138 from six Western pig breeds. Bayesian analysis revealed that the mean frequency of allele T (Cys) was 92.64 +/- 4.82% in Chinese pigs, and 45.99 +/- 4.13% in Western pigs. The 95% interval of the posterior mean frequency of allele T was 0.82-1.00 in Chinese pigs and 0.38-0.54 in Western pigs, indicating these two groups of pigs diverged at this locus during genetic evolution of the breed. Because marked differences in fat and lean tissue deposition exist between Western and Chinese pig breeds, this Cys430Ser exchange in the PPARGC1 gene deserves further evaluation to determine its phenotypic effect on fattening and carcass traits in commercial pig populations.
Antigenic variants of Mycoplasma gallisepticum major surface lipoprotein, pMGA, are encoded by a large gene family. In this study sequence analyses of the PCR‐amplified pMGA genes showed two types of sequences similar to the pMGA1.2 gene in M. gallisepticum strains. They differed in the sequence encoding a proline‐rich region (PRR) at the N‐terminus of the pMGA protein. The type A genes had sequences similar to the published pMGA1.2 gene sequence of strain S6, whereas the type B genes lacked the second repetitive segment encoding PTPN sequence within PRR and were similar to the published sequence of PG31 strain. Low in vitro passages of M. gallisepticum strains isolated recently in Slovenia from four avian species showed very different expression patterns of pMGA1.2 and pMGA1.9 genes. Among isogenic populations of S6B and IHB1 strains a high frequency of pMGA antigenic variants lacking an epitope for monoclonal antibody (mAb) 71 was found. Strain IHB1 clones, which synthesized pMGA recognized by mAb 71, transcribed pMGA genes whose partial sequence encoded the amino acid sequence 262TNGDEPRSVS of the mAb 71 epitope. Other IHB1 clones synthesized pMGA variants with different isoelectric points, lacking the epitope for mAb 71, but expressing downstream epitopes for other mAbs. Our study suggests that a molecular basis for pMGA antigenic variation lies in the corresponding changes at the DNA level.
Problem statement: Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a nucleus-encoded protein that is a key activator of mitochondrial transcription as well as a major participant in mitochondrial genome replication. Genomic characterization of the porcine TFAM gene is, therefore, necessary to determine its involvement in regulation of fat depots and meat quality traits in pigs. Approach: Genomic DNA sequence was determined using a comparative in silico annotation approach. RT-PCR was used for analysis of alternative splicing. Genome location was determined using Radiation Hybrid (RH) mapping. Genetic marker was identified by sequencing and genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method with SacI. GENEPOP version 3.3 software was used for statistic analysis. Results: We determined both full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of the porcine TFAM gene. Gene expression analysis revealed an alternative 5' splice site, which excludes exon 4 of the pig gene. We assigned this gene to porcine chromosome 14 (SSC14). A G/A substitution was detected in intron 1 of porcine TFAM gene and genotyped on a total of 252 animals, including 165 from seven Chinese and 87 from five Western pig breeds. The Bayesian analysis via MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) revealed that these two groups of pigs were well separated at this locus during the breed history; 95% of the posterior difference of TFAM allelic frequency between these two pig groups was greater than zero. Conclusion/Recommendations: All these data provided basic genomic information needed for further functional characterization of the porcine TFAM gene. Because marked differences in fat and lean tissue deposition exist between Western and Chinese pig breeds, the G557A mutation in the TFAM gene deserves further evaluation to determine its phenotypic effect on fattening and carcass traits in commercial pig populations.
Antigenic variants of Mycoplasma gallisepticum major surface lipoprotein, pMGA, are encoded by a large gene family. In this study sequence analyses of the PCR-amplified pMGA genes showed two types of sequences similar to the pMGA1.2 gene in M. gallisepticum strains. They differed in the sequence encoding a proline-rich region (PRR) at the N-terminus of the pMGA protein. The type A genes had sequences similar to the published pMGA1.2 gene sequence of strain S6, whereas the type B genes lacked the second repetitive segment encoding PTPN sequence within PRR and were similar to the published sequence of PG31 strain. Low in vitro passages of M. gallisepticum strains isolated recently in Slovenia from four avian species showed very different expression patterns of pMGA1.2 and pMGA1.9 genes. Among isogenic populations of S6(B) and IHB1 strains a high frequency of pMGA antigenic variants lacking an epitope for monoclonal antibody (mAb) 71 was found. Strain IHB1 clones, which synthesized pMGA recognized by mAb 71, transcribed pMGA genes whose partial sequence encoded the amino acid sequence (262)TNGDEPRSVS of the mAb 71 epitope. Other IHB1 clones synthesized pMGA variants with different isoelectric points, lacking the epitope for mAb 71, but expressing downstream epitopes for other mAbs. Our study suggests that a molecular basis for pMGA antigenic variation lies in the corresponding changes at the DNA level.
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