Cilj ovog članka jeste da s psihološkog aspekta razmotri teme vezane za terminalnu fazu bolesti, smrt i gubitak u porodici, proces tugovanja i prevladavanje gubitka. Osnovni fokus rada jeste pokušaj da se navedene teme demistifikuju i da se rasvetli psihološka dimenzija različitih problema koje bolest sa neizbežnim smrtnim ishodom može da izazove. Posebno su teške teme, kako za teorijska razmatranja tako i za praktičan rad, one koje se odnose na smrt najmlađeg člana porodice. U našoj sredini o kompleksnim patnjama ljudi koji se suočavaju s neizlečivom bolešću, a posebno o patnjama dece i adolescenata, ne govori se, ne piše se, ne polemiše, a, shodno tome, i u praksi se ne razvijaju adekvatni modeli psihološke podrške i psihoterapijske pomoći koji bi bili usmereni ka pojedincu i porodici.
The large number of calls suggests that this kind of public, free service for psychosocial and psychological support to cancer patients is necessary in Serbia.
This paper is part of a broader qualitative study examining the experience of people during the first wave of the pandemic in Serbia when the state of emergency was proclaimed, and the effects of this situation on the quality of life and mental health of specific age groups. The paper presents the results of interviews conducted with people over 65, who were particularly affected by the introduced restrictive measures, due to which many senior citizens felt a significant decline in the quality of life, accompanied by the risk of developing various emotional problems. In order to understand better their specific experiences during the pandemic and the related measures introduced, we conducted a qualitative study taking into account the characteristics of previous life contexts, the changes in daily life and life quality during the pandemic, emotional reactions and coping strategies, as well as their expectations of the future. During April and early May 2020, sixteen people of both sexes (4 male) were interviewed, aged 65 to 87 (M = 71.19 years). The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were processed in Maxqda qualitative analysis software and analysed by the principle of thematic analysis. The general conclusion is that the elderly from our sample adapted without major difficulties and managed to maintain a satisfactory level of their subjective well-being despite the pandemic and restrictive measures, with the help and support of their immediate social environment and in the context of the former general quality of life. This resulted in good adaptive strategies and outcomes, even in the situation of the restricted need satisfaction. However, the findings of the research indicate that, in the elderly, reactions to the pandemic are different from the reactions to the introduced measures - the tolerance of the elderly to the endangerment of personal needs is greater than the tolerance to the endangerment of personal rights and dignity. While the concern about one's own health was not explicitly expressed, the citizens older than 65 felt more affected by the introduction of the state of emergency and, especially, by the restrictive measures. The introduced measures of isolation resulted in increased negative feelings and a decline in the quality of life, as well as perceiving the threat to one's personal dignity.
Psihološka podrška i psiho-socijalna pomoć ženama obolelim od karcinoma dojke 1 Tamara Klikovac 2 Institut za onkologiju i radiologiju Srbije, Odeljenje pedijatrijske onkologije, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet, Odeljenje za psihologijuOpšti cilj ovog preglednog rada jeste u tome da se, s jedne strane, ukaže na značaj pružanja psihološke pomoći i podrške ženama obolelim od karcinoma dojke a, s druge strane, da se ukaže na razvoj i dostignuća psiho-onkologije, multidisciplinarne naučne discipline, čiji je predmet proučavanja usmeren na kliničku procenu psiholoških reakcija osoba obolelih od malignih bolesti i reakcija članova njihovih porodica, kao i nalaženjem najadekvatnijih psiholoških, savetodavnih i psihoterapijskih intervencija i modela rada koji bi bile usmereni na pružanje psihološke i psihoterapijske pomoći pacijentu i porodici u svim fazama kompleksnog onkološ-kog lečenja. Specifični ciljevi rada usmereni su na ukazivanje na različlite psihološke probleme s kojima se suočavaju žene obolele od karcinoma dojke, zatim na isticanje značaja adekvatne psihološke procene žena obolelih od karcinoma dojke u različitim fazama bolesti i lečenja i, na kraju, na isticanje značaja psiho-socijalne podrške, psihološke podrške i psihoterapijske pomoći u svim fazama lečenja uz pokušaj konceptualnih razgraničavanja navedenih pojmova.Ključne reči: karcinom dojke, psihološka podrška, psiho-socijalni aspekti, psihoonkologija Uvodni deoPsiho-socijalni aspekti raka dojke kod žena privlače veliku pažnju poslednjih decenija, kako zbog visoke incidence, stope preživljavanja ako se bolest otkrije na vreme, u nauci poznatih faktora rizika i skrining programa, tako i zbog brojnih psiholoških reakcija, problema i posledica do kojih kombinovano onkološko lečenje dovodi kod žena kod kojih je obolela, tj.dojka koja kao organ ima višestruko simbolično i psihološko značenje i značaj za ženu
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