Background: the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single nutritional preventive session previous to a critical period linked to fat gain in university students with overweightness and obesity, emulating a nutritional session of a public health system. Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 23 students met all the criteria to be included (20.91 ± 2.52-year-old; 52.2% women) who were divided into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), physical activity by accelerometry, feeding evaluation through three questionnaires, and a set of healthy lifestyle recommendations were evaluated before and after the national holidays (NH). Results: Our findings showed that FM increased significantly in the CG, but not in the IG (CG = 428.1g; IG = 321.9g; D = 106.2g; p = 0.654 [95% CI = −379.57, 591.92]). However, no differences were found during the NH between them (Hedges’ g effect size = 0.19; p = 0.654). In addition, no statistical differences were observed between groups in feeding evaluations, the set of recommendations performed, and physical activity. Conclusion: a single preventive session before a critical period, using a similar counselling approach as used in the public health system, might not be enough to promote changes in eating and physical activity patterns and preventing fat gain in overweight/obese university students. Long-term interventions are a must.
Objetivo: Describir la variación en diversos indicadores de la composición corporal antes y después de vacaciones de fiestas patrias (VFP) en estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: Se evaluó la composición corporal a 11 estudiantes, dos veces antes (t1 y t2) y una vez posterior a VFP (t3). Se midió el peso, cintura, cadera, se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se evaluó la masa grasa y magra segmental a través de absorciometría dual de rayos X (DEXA). Una ANOVA de medidas repetidas se utilizó para detectar cambios entre los tiempos (t1, t2 y t3). Resultados:Previo a VFP (t1-t2) se observa una disminución en la razón cintura/cadera (-4.26%; p=0.024). Posterior a las VFP (t2-t3) se aprecia un aumento significativo de la masa grasa total (+428g, p=0.019) y también una disminución en el índice musculoesquelético relativo (IMSR; -1.35%; p=0.048). No se observan cambios en indicadores antropométricos como peso e IMC. Conclusión: Las VFP se asocian a una variación desfavorable de la composición corporal en estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso y obesidad. Considerar el peso corporal o IMC podría subvalorar el real impacto de este periodo crítico sobre la composición corporal de personas que presentan malnutrición por exceso.
Introducción: La condición física (CF) es un importante predictor de salud en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo, hasta la fecha se desconoce su posible efecto “protector” frente a periodos críticos vinculados a riesgo de obesidad. Objetivo: Evaluar a través de un diseño longitudinal y ecológico la influencia de la CF y su interacción con la implantación de la “Ley Súper 8” sobre diversos parámetros de la composición corporal durante las vacaciones de fiestas patrias (VFP). Metodología: 110 escolares participaron inicialmente del estudio. Tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, 48 escolares entre 10 y 13 años (52% niñas) conformaron la muestra final. Se determinó la CF (cardiorrespiratoria y muscular) y la composición corporal (peso, índice de masa corporal [IMC], índice de masa triponderal [IMT], índice de masa grasa [IMG] % grasa y % músculo), durante septiembre del año 2015 (sin ley) y 2016 (con ley). Un modelo general lineal y pruebas t-student fueron realizadas, estableciendo como significativo p<0,05. Resultados: Los escolares que presentan un bajo nivel de CF modificaron negativamente su composición corporal (peso corporal, IMG, IMC Z-score y % grasa) durante las VFP tras la implementación de la ley (p<0,05), mientras que en los escolares con un alto nivel de CF se observaron cambios favorables en el % músculo, IMG e IMT (p<0,05). Conclusión: La CF interactúa positivamente con la “Ley Súper 8”. Solo los escolares con buena CF previenen el aumento de diversas variables de la composición corporal vinculadas a obesidad durante las VFP. Abstract. Background: Fitness is an important predictor of health in children and adolescents; however, to date has not been demonstrated the protective effect against critical periods related to obesity. Objective: To evaluate the influence of fitness on body composition parameters during national holidays, comparing the 1-year effects with and without the implementation of the “Law Super 8”, considering the fitness as a preventive and possible potential law enhancer. Method: Sample was composed by 48 schoolchildren between 10 and 13 years of age. Fitness (cardiorespiratory and muscular) and body composition (weight, body mass index [BMI], triponderal mass index [TMI], fat mass index [FMI], % fat and % muscle) were evaluated during two week of September 2015 (without law) and 2016 (with law). A general linear model and t-student test were used, setting the significant value at p<0.05. Results: body composition (body weight, FMI, BMI Z-score and % fat) of those children presenting low fitness level worsened during national holidays after implementation of law (p<0.05), while those with high fitness level showed favorable changes in % muscular, FMI, and TMI (p<0.05). Conclusion: Changes produced due to “Super 8” law seem to affect positively just children who have high fitness level, preventing increase of variables of body composition related to obesity.
despite observing slight advances in certain parameters of body composition between one year and another, the implementation of the Super 8 Law in Chile does not seem to generate a preventive effect during NH.
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