Background / Aim. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is recognized as a significant public health concern. Adolescents with mental health problems are at especially high risk of NSSI. This research aimed to investigate possible differences in gender, age, emotional reactivity, and expression of psychopathological characteristics between two groups of adolescents within a clinical population where the main distinguishing factor was the presence/absence of NSSI. Methods. The observational study included a clinical sample of 111 adolescents treated at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinic in the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina. The following clinical scales were used to examine the differences between adolescents with and without NSSI: self-report questionnaires about emotional and behavioural problems (YSR, CBCL), emotional reactivity (ERS), and suicidality (STIBI). Results. A total of 58 adolescents had at least one episode of NSSI in the last year. NSSI group were older, also more females in NSSI. The first episode of NSSI to be 13.05 and the last episode 14.80 years. The most common methods of NSSI were cutting scratching and biting Adolescents with NSSI had higher scores on ERS and higher scores on internalizing, externalizing, and total scores on YSR, but there is no difference between groups regarding scores on the CBCL scale. Conclusion. Due to the results obtained to emotional and behavioural problems, adolescents with NSSI should have a detailed psychiatric assessment including social support, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy, to better understand NSSI and to help them to develop better coping skills.
ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to synthesise qualitative evidence on young people's conceptualisation, utilisation and experiences of the therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy or counselling and its role in bringing about change.MethodThe thematic synthesis method was used to synthesise data. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the CASP checklist for qualitative research.ResultsFour superordinate analytical themes were generated: (1) valuable therapist qualities, (2) conditions for the development and maintenance of the therapeutic alliance, (3) therapeutic processes and (4) barriers to the development of the therapeutic alliance. Findings indicate that young people appreciated the uniqueness of the therapeutic relationship that provided a sense of safety, choice and autonomy. Flexibility and accessibility were noted as important elements of therapeutic alliance building as they elicited a sense of agency. Young people emphasised the non‐linear nature of therapy and prioritised process variables such as improvement in self‐understanding, self‐efficacy and self‐worth.ConclusionThe current systematic review is a comprehensive overview of qualitative studies of experiences of therapy from young people's perspectives. Important practical implications derived from this review as the role of autonomy in the change process and the formation and maintenance of the therapeutic relationship were outlined as important elements in youth therapy.
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