Наведена математична модель сумісного вилу-чення органічних забруднень зваженим і закріпле-ним біоценозом в аеротенках-витискувачах і на основі її реалізації запропоновані методи розра-хунку кисневого режиму при біологічному очищенні стічних вод. При цьому розглянуто можливі тех-нологічні і конструктивні схеми в аеротенках-ви-тискувачах: коли реактор, що містить елементи з закріпленим біоценозом, розташовано першим по напряму руху стічних вод та навпаки Ключові слова: аеротенк-витискувач, кисневий режим, органічні забруднення, активний мул, біо-плівка Приведена математическая модель совмест-ного извлечения органических загрязнений взве-шенным и прикрепленным биоценозом в аэро-тенках-вытеснителях и на основе ее реализации предложены методы расчета кислородного режи-ма при биологической очистке сточных вод. При этом рассмотрены возможные технологические и конструктивные схемы в аеротенках-вытесните-лях: когда реактор, содержащий элементы с при-крепленным биоценозом, расположен первым по направлению движения сточных вод и наоборот Ключевые слова: аеротенк-вытеснитель, кис-лородный режим, органические загрязнения, активный ил, биопленка UDC 628.35
Purpose. The research involves the implementation of comparative calculations to evaluate the performance of aerotanks with add-on attached biocenosis (biofilm). Methodology. For improving the performance of the aerotanks due to the introduction of an additional load with attached biocenosis (biofilm), the authors constructed the mathematical models that consider the simultaneous oxidation of organic pollutants with suspended and attached biocenosis. Based on these models, the methods were developed for calculating clarification parameters. The authors performed evaluation of the influence of various clarification factors in aerotanks. They proved that the clarification intensity is increased due to additional elements with the attached biocenosis. Herewith, possible technological and structural schemes of aerotanks were considered, when the loading elements (nozzles, screens, etc.) are located throughout the whole volume or more densely and compactly only in its individual sections. Findings. The parameters of effluent clarification from organic pollution in the aerotanks are determined using numerical methods. The graphs show the significant performance of aerotanks due to the introduction of the additional load with the attached biocenosis (biofilm). The calculations of the effect of additional loading on the performance of complete-mix aerotanks and continuous-flow aerotanks show that the use of immobilized biocenosis can improve the quality of removal of organic pollutants by 2-5 times. Originality. The authors substantiated scientifically the influence of various factors of wastewater treatment in aerotanks, the efficiency of which is increased due to additional elements with the attached biocenosis. Practical value. The introduction of research results in wastewater treatment plants can significantly improve the quality of the removal of organic pollutants by biological methods. The implementation of the calculation methods for the proposed dependencies makes it possible to more fully and reasonably take into account important processes that significantly affect the utilization of organic pollutants and the efficiency of the aerotanks with the additional involvement of wastewater treatment by the attached biocenosis.
The results of an experimental study of the hydraulic friction factor of perforated pipelines that work with the collection of fluid along the path are reported. Clarification of this issue will make it possible to solve an important engineering task – to devise a reliable procedure for the hydraulic calculation of perforated pipes. The experiments were carried out on an assembled experimental bench. A steel pipeline with a perforated part of 1–3 m was investigated. Perforation holes were taken with a diameter of 3.6 and 9 mm. In the experiments, fluid flow, pressure loss, and average velocity were measured. Based on the data obtained, the values of the coefficient under study were calculated. It has been established that it is significantly larger than its values with uniform movement and is variable in length of the pipeline. Experimental dependences λcol on the value of the ratio of the velocities of the flowing jets of liquid to the average flow velocity in the corresponding section (Uh/V), as well as on the design characteristics of the channel, were obtained. It is shown that the lower value of the degree of pipe perforation corresponds to the higher values of λcol. This result can be explained by the influence of the attached flow rate on the main flow. The confirmation of this conclusion is the resulting shapes of diagrams of the average flow velocity obtained in the experiments, which differ significantly from standard diagrams with uniform motion. Obviously, additional energy is spent on the reformation of the velocities, and this causes additional head losses. Dependences were obtained for calculating the considered coefficient for prefabricated pipelines, including in the presence of transit flow rate. Their use in the calculation of the pipes under consideration will increase the reliability and efficiency of the sewage treatment plant, in which they are important structural elements
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