Background: Leaves of Piper betle are frequently used in South and Southeast Asia for traditional treatment and as a mouth freshener. Our purpose was to compare the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of betel leaves from Barguna and Moheshkhali against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Methods:We extracted the betel leaves with acetone and ethanol according to the standard procedure. The extracts were analyzed for the presence of phytochemical properties by a standard procedure, antibacterial susceptibility by agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution assay and functional groups were obtained by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Results:We found the presence of a good number of phytochemicals in both Barguna and Moheshkhali extracts. In most of the cases, extracts of Moheshkhali leaves showed a greater zone of inhibition than Barguna extracts. Acetonic and ethanolic extracts of Barguna showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 2.12 to 4.25 mg/mL, where Moheshkhali extracts showed between 2.12-8.5 mg/mL. The functional groups obtained by FT-IR spectra analysis were compared for the extracts. Conclusion:Betel leaves can be utilized to augment the shelf life of foods, treatments and boost up immunity following comprehensive studies.
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common infection worldwide and drug resistance makes the treatment more difficult which may lead to complications along with extended hospital stay. Therefore, this study was designed to find out the prevalence of UTI, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates collected from patients of UTI.Methods: This study was conducted among 1,760 suspected UTI patients from January 2019 to November 2020. Urine samples from mid-stream were transferred to microbiology laboratory following microbiological standard protocol. Microbial identification was performed by microscopy, colony morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Antibiogram was pursued following the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: Our study showed almost 30% of samples were positive and E. coli was found as the highest predominating organism (50.09%) followed by Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., and Citrobacter spp. The percentage of infection in females was 65.28% which is higher than males. The highest prevalence of UTI has been observed in females aged 21-30 years and males aged 31-40 years. However, E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. showed the highest resistance against Amoxiclav whereas, Klebsiella spp. showed it against co-trimoxazole. Citrobacter spp. showed 100% resistance towards Amikacin, cefixime, nalidixic acid, co-trimoxazole, amoxiclav, ceftazidime, and Enterococcus spp. showed against nalidixic acid and amoxiclav. Moreover, 95.8% isolates collected were resistant towards 3 or more than 3 antibiotics which is very alarming.Conclusions: Changing trend in antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates needs to be monitored as there is limited availability of newer drugs.
Starch degrading bacteria are vital for various industries like food, fermentation, textile, and paper. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize bacteria able to degrade starch from the rhizosphere of soil located in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Collected soil sample was serially diluted in sterilized peptone water, poured on sterilized starch agar plates and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. The representative colonies showing different morphology was randomly picked up using the streaking method on nutrient agar media. A total of 8 bacterial colonies were isolated and labelled as MSH 01, MSH 02, MSH 03, MSH 04, MSH 05, MSH 06, MSH 07, and MSH 08. Biochemical characteristics showed that all the isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus. Among those, MSH 06 showed the highest starch degrading index (SDI) followed by MSH 02 and MSH 05. Surveillance to identify microbial species with enhanced starch hydrolyzing potential might be helpful in biotechnology industries. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.12 (1) 2022: 21-24
Infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant infectious bacteria are a major threat to human survival and development. This is a retrospective study for a one-year period from January 2020 to December 2020 with a total of 1,112 urine, 318 blood, 167 stool, and 72 pus samples conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Rajshahi Metropolitan Hospital Ltd. and Diagnostic Center, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Bacterial isolation, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility were performed following the standard microbiological methods. Out of 1112 urine, 318 blood, 167 stool, and 72 pus specimens, bacteria were detected in 345 urine, 86 blood, 44 stool, and 50 pus specimens, respectively. Specimens from females (57.10%) were found more positive than those from males (42.90%) only in the case of urine samples. Among all the specimens, the highest number of infections was recorded in the age group 31–40, except in stool, where the highest positive cases were evidenced in the 0–10 age group. The greatest number of specimens was received, mostly in the summer and rainy seasons. However, E. coli bacteria were the most common among all the specimens excluding pus, where Staphylococcus aureus was the highest in number. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria showed higher sensitivity towards Cefepime (against pathogens of blood and stool samples) along with Imipenem, and Meropenem (pathogens of both urine and pus samples). A terrifying scenario was the high degree of resistance of those isolated bacteria towards the 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporin antibiotics. This study might be helpful for physicians to rationalize empiric treatment strategies and provide awareness among government authorities and the population. Key words: Bangladesh, Clinical specimens, Resistance, Retrospective, Sensitivity.
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