Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus is a non-segmented positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses packaged in helical nucleocapsids. During the intracellular life cycle, coronaviruses express and replicate their genomic RNA to produce full-length copies that are incorporated into newly produced viral particles. The replication occurs from the transcription of negative strain RNA intermediates, which is a template for the positive genomic strain RNA (gRNA) and subgenomic RNAs (sgRNA) synthesis. sgRNAs have been used as a possible marker of active SARS-CoV-2 replication since they are the infectious viral particles proteins precursor.Objectives: Thus, this study aims to use the RT-qPCR technique for sgRNA detection and quantification and its intermediate negative RNAs, to evaluate viral replication in Betapropiolactona inactivated virus samples, as strategies for immunobiologicals development.Methodology: For this purpose, inactivated virus, subjected to five serial blind passages (BP), were amplified by the RT-qPCR using oligonucleotides targeting genomic envelope (ENV), subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) and intermediate RNAs (ENV negative strain) genes.Results: Through five serial BP, all SARS-CoV-2 PCR targets have been detected in positive controls. Viral titer, among these samples, remained similar all over the passages, regardless the detected target. Considering inactivated viral samples, this fact was also observed for ENV and ENV negative strain gene targets, ranging 8.66 Log10 copies/mL in BP1 to 3.64 Log10 copies/mL in BP5. In contrast, low titers of sgRNA were only detected in initial passages (5.84 Log10 copies/mL in BP1 and 4.02 Log10 copies/ mL in BP2), comparing to gRNA titers. After the second passage, sgRNA was no longer detected in the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus samples. Conclusion:These results indicate successful SARS-CoV-2 virus inactivation due to sgRNA titers decreasing in serial blind passages. Thus, sgRNA monitoring by RT-qPCR can be an alternative tool to confirm viral inactivation, reducing time and allowing the rapid use of inactivated viruses in the immunobiological development. However, further experiments must be carried out to follow up SARS-CoV-2 replication and detection of these targets over time.
O nervo troclear participa do movimento extrínseco dos olhos, através do músculo oblíquo superior. Seu acometimento não é frequente entre as lesões dos pares cranianos e é comumente congênito, relacionado a hipertensão ou ao trauma. A lesão causada por trauma cranioencefálico (TCE) geralmente ocorre em acidente automobilístico, com trauma orbitário direto ou frontal e tem maior incidência no gênero masculino. Os principais achados incluem hipertropia, diplopia vertical, limitação da depressão em adução e inclinação da cabeça para o lado oposto ao músculo oblíquo superior paralisado, manobra conhecida como sinal de Bielchowsky positivo. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de um paciente de 54 anos, do gênero masculino, que apresentou diplopia após um TCE causado por um acidente automobilístico, tendo como principal hipótese, no momento da consulta, a paresia do IV nervo craniano à esquerda. A paresia dos nervos responsáveis pelos movimentos oculares após TCE é uma entidade com possibilidades de tratamento conservador e cirúrgico, que devem ser minuciosamente observados para melhor prognóstico e estratégia terapêutica.
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Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare neoplasm of the nervous system that appears in the paranasal cavities derived from the olfactory neuroepithelium, located in the cribriform region of the nasal fossa, and can invade the sinuses of the face, skull base and orbital region. Kadish classification is the most widely used to stage it according to its extension. The symptomatology is unspecific, and it may present progressive unilateral nasal obstruction, epistaxis, anosmia, headache, sinusitis, diplopia, and orbital proptosis. The diagnosis is based on the lesion biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural findings. Excision of the tumor is described as the treatment of choice that may be associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This is a case report of an olfactory esthesioneuroblastoma in a patient admitted to the hospital complaining of orbital proptosis who, after a computed tomography of the skull, showed a suspicious lesion. After the biopsy and the anatomopathological study, a protocol with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated, with the subsequent excision of the tumor. Despite the lack of other symptoms, an advanced stage of the neoplasm was identified, which reflects the importance of investigating less common complaints and thus facilitating the diagnosis and early treatment.
Ovarian neoplasms are the third group of tumors that most affect women. Commonly asymptomatic, many patients are in an advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, resulting in high lethality rates. Within this context, mucinous adenocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that often acquires large dimensions. We report the case of a 35year-old woman who came to the onco-gynecological outpatient care reporting that, for the past year, she had an increase in abdominal volume with no other complaints. After investigation with transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography and tumor markers, she underwent exploratory laparotomy. During the procedure, an ovarian tumor was excised on her right side, weighing 9750 grams and measuring 38x25x15 centimeters. The biopsy report revealed adenocarcinoma of high histological grade of malignancy with areas of mucinous differentiation. Due to the high lethality rate related to ovarian neoplasms, combined with the silent clinical picture, the observance of comprehensive care with effective complementary exams may change the natural course of the disease.
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