T he present study was carried out for 120 days at Fish Research Station, belonging to the National institute of Oceanography and Fisheries at El-Kanater El Khairia The aim of work was to detect the effect of lipid sources (Poultry oil, Com oil and Linseed oil) and lipid levels (3 and 6 %) on immune response of Nile tilapia broodfish during the winter seasoa Total serum protein (TSP), total serum albumin (TSA) and Total serum globulin (TSG) parameters were used as immunoglobulin indicators. The (TSP), (TSA) and (TSG) were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by lipid source or iipid level at water temperature over 16.85 °C. But significant differences were found at water temperature below 11,66 °C. These data showed poultry oil with 3% lipid seemed to be adequate for optimal functioning of immunoglobulin. The humoral response as measured by hydrogen peroxidase titer and hemolysin titer were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by both lipid source or lipid level at water temperature over 16.85 °C while significant differences (P < 0.05) were found at water temperature below 11.66 °C. The data revealed that both com oil and linseed oil with 6 % lipid seemed to be adequate for optimal functioning of humoral immune response.
The objective of the present study was to determine the dietary iron requirement for the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fmgerlings in intensive fish culture system. O. niloticus fmgerlings (25.36±0.11g) were stocked in fiberglass tanks (lm 3) under water running system at a density of 40 fish/m 3 with a feeding level of 3% of body weight. Six purified diets containing different iron levels (0, 200, 400, 800, 1200 &1600 mg Fe/ Kg) in a form of ferrous sulphate were tested on the Nile tilapia for 8 weeks. Results revealed that FBW and SGR were the highest (P<0,05) in the fish group fed on the diet supplemented with 1200mg Fe /Kg and the lowest were recorded in fish fed on the iron free diet. Each of K and FI were insignificantly affected by dietary iron levels. The lowest value of FCR was recorded for fish fed on 1200mg Fe/ Kg diet. The results of the present study revealed that, the group offish fed 1200-mg Fe /Kg diet had significantly(P<0.05) the highest value of average daily gain in weight PPV and ER. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit values were increased with increasing the level of iron and significantly affected by dietary iron levels. The highest value of MCH was recorded for fish fed 1200 mg Fe /Kg diet. The lowest values of RBCs, Hb, ,Hct s MCV r MCH and MCHC were recorded for fish fed on iron free diet. TotaL plasma proteins and plasma glucose values were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron level, while plasma cholesterol increased significantly by increasing the level of iron in the diet. The results of the present study suggest that iron supplemented to the diet up to a level of 166 Sabry S. El-Serafy et al 1200mg Fe/ Kg diet from ferrous sulphate improves the growth performance and haematological parameters of O. niloticus fingerlings.
The aim of this research is to study the role of the health services sector in crowds management during the Hajj and Umrah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the Hajj and Umrah crowds represent pressure on all facilities in the cities of Makkah al-Mukarramah and Al Madena Al Monawara, including the facilities of the healthcare services. The crowds of pilgrims were expressed in the numbers of pilgrims during a time series (2010-2019), and the healthcare services sector was expressed in human and physical resources during the same time series (2010-2019). The growth function of variables over time was analyzed to analyze relationships for the variables, using Simple regression model, which is an exponential trend model. The most important results of the research were that the average growth rate in the number of pilgrims was -2.53% during the period (2010-2019), while the growth rates of the health care services sector resources during the period are much higher than the growth rates in the number of pilgrims. There was an increasing in growth of the number of hospitals at an average rate of 2.17%, there was an increasing in growth of the number of hospital beds at an average rate of 3.41%, there was an increasing in growth of the number of doctors at an average rate of 6.1%, there was an increasing in growth of the number of nursing staff at an average rate of 4.96%, There was an increasing in growth of the number of pharmacists at an average rate of 10.2%, and there was an increasing in growth of the number of health assistants at an average rate of 6.45%. It was possible to come up with a general conclusion that the health care services sector in the KSA is growing at faster rates than the growth rates of pilgrims, and therefore it is able to provide health services to crowds of pilgrims in the future with increasing efficiency.
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