Physical limitations associated with CP may affect the frequency of a child's participation in activity outside of school. However, youths with CP may express levels of enjoyment similar to those of typically developing peers while participating in activity.

Photovoice provides a useful framework to apply a participant-centred research approach on occupational participation. It is important to consider and further examine ethical and methodological issues related to stigma, physical and cognitive capacities, mobility and technical accessibility related to using this method.

The findings suggest that external focus is more effective than internal focus in adults; therefore, physical therapists should instruct adult clients to focus their attention externally to facilitate motor learning. Physical therapists working with children should perhaps direct the client's attention internally; however, further study is needed.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the Canadian age-adjusted incidence rates of lower limb amputation (LLA) by province, sex, level, and cause of amputation.METHODS: Data on all hospital discharges associated with LLA from April 1, 2006, to March 31, 2012, were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information's Discharge Abstract Database. National and provincial age-adjusted rates were calculated per 100 000 individuals by sex, level, and cause of LLA using the direct method of standardization. The relative risk of LLA in people with diabetes was calculated.RESULTS: There were a total of 44 430 LLAs performed in Canada over the study years. The number of LLAs increased from 7331 in 2006 to 7708 in 2011. Mean (SD) age was 65.7 (16.6) years, and 68.8% were males. Sixty-five percent of the LLA cases were due to diabetes. The average age-adjusted rate of LLA in Canada was 22.9 per 100 000 individuals. The age-adjusted rates declined over the study years. The relative risk of diabetes-related LLAs was 28.9.CONCLUSION: This study provided the first Canadian national and provincial age-adjusted incidence rates of LLA and a baseline for monitoring and evaluation in the future. Understanding the incidence of LLA is essential to managing preventive and rehabilitation services for this population. Although the age-adjusted LLA incidence rates have decreased, the number of new LLAs has increased. The increase in the number of LLAs has important implications for social and health care costs.KEY WORDS: Incidence; epidemiology; amputation; diabetes; Canada La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

No abstract

Purpose. To develop and test the psychometric properties of a parent-reported questionnaire measuring participation of preschool children (Children Participation Questionnaire; CPQ) aged 4-6 years in their everyday activities. Methods. Reliability was tested by Cronbach's a and by test-retest. Construct validity was computed by known group differences analysis. Convergent and divergent validities were calculated by correlation with the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS). Two hundred thirty-one children with mild to moderate developmental disabilities (mean age 5.16 + 0.66 years old) were compared to 249 children without disability (mean age 5.13 + 0.72 years old). Results. The CPQ has good internal reliability. Cronbach's a for the participation measures ranged between 0.79 and 0.90, indicating good homogeneity. The temporal stability of the CPQ was supported with intra-class correlations ranging from 0.71 to 1.00. Significant differences were found between children with and without disabilities in all the CPQ measures. The CPQ could also differentiate between age groups and groups of varying socio-economic status. Convergent and divergent validity were supported.Conclusions. The CPQ has demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess children's participation at the age of 4-6 years.

The results suggested the feasibility of the Wii.n.Walk with a medium effect size for improving walking capacity. Future larger randomized controlled trials investigating efficacy are warranted.

Maternal self-efficacy and SES serve as facilitators to increased participation and well-being of children with mild motor disabilities.