Recent lipid research has focused on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions as new markers for cardiovascular risk. However, the clinical significance of measurement of LDL subfractions in subjects with essential hypertension is yet to be established. We studied the association between the prevalence of silent lacunar infarction (SLI) and LDL subfractions in patients with essential hypertension. We performed brain MRI to detect SLI and measured LDL subfractions in 100 asymptomatic non-diabetic middle-aged subjects with essential hypertension (mean age, 62 years). We fractionated LDL into three parts, LDL-1, LDL-2, and LDL-3, with LDL-3 being the oxidized subfraction. Of the 100 study subjects, 24 (24%) had one or more SLIs,
We propose a novel subwavelength metallic InP/InGaAs laser with a capsule-shaped cavity. By introducing curved metallic facets at the both ends, resonant modes can be strongly confined inside the center of the cavity, which not only improves the confinement factor and the Q factor, but also reduces the cavity volume. As an example case, we numerically demonstrate that the proposed structure can decrease the plasmonic loss and improve the Q factor from 197 to 297 and reduce the threshold current from 291 to 60 µA with the effective modal volume of 0.45 µm 3 . In addition, we demonstrate that there exists an optimal structure of the capsule-shaped cavity to minimize the current threshold.
A series of wavelength‐scale capsule‐shaped metallic cavity structures with InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple quantum wells are fabricated and characterized by photoluminescence measurement for the first time. By introducing cylindrical facets with optimal curvature to a conventional rectangular cavity, the electric field of the resonant mode is pushed effectively into the center of the mesa. As a result, the mode distribution at the metallic sidewalls and the plasmonic losses are reduced dramatically. We experimentally confirm up to fourfold enhancement in the Q factor of the fabricated capsule‐shaped cavity compared with that of a rectangular structure with same dimension. The measured results are consistent with the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain simulation, and validate the effectiveness of the scheme.
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