a b s t r a c tThe magnetization curve of iron oxide nanoparticles in low-concentration solutions was investigated by a highly sensitive high-T c superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The diamagnetic contribution of water that was used as the carrier liquid was observed in the measured magnetization curves in the high magnetic field region over 100 mT. The effect of the diamagnetic contribution of water on the generation of harmonics during the application of AC and DC magnetic fields was simulated on the basis of measured magnetization curves. Although the diamagnetic effect depends on concentration, a linear relation was observed between the detected harmonics and concentration in the simulated and measured results. The simulation results suggested that improvement could be expected in harmonics generation because of the diamagnetic effect when the iron concentration was lower than 72 μg/ml. The use of second harmonics with an appropriate bias of the DC magnetic field could be utilized for realization of a fast and highly sensitive detection of magnetic nanoparticles in a low-concentration solution.
The security of cryptographic protocols which are based on elliptic curve cryptography relies on the intractability of elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). In this paper, the authors describe techniques applied to solve 114-bit ECDLP in Barreto-Naehrig (BN) curve defined over the odd characteristic field. Unlike generic elliptic curves, BN curve holds an especial interest since it is well studied in pairing-based cryptography. Till the date of our knowledge, the previous record for solving ECDLP in a prime field was 112-bit by Bos et al in Certicom curve 'secp112r1'. This work sets a new record by solving 114-bit prime field ECDLP of BN curve using Pollard's rho method. The authors utilized sextic twist property of the BN curve to efficiently carry out the random walk of Pollard's rho method. The parallel implementation of the rho method by adopting a client-server model, using 2000 CPU cores took about 6 months to solve the ECDLP.
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