To assist in detection of offshore spawning activities of the Japanese eel
Anguilla japonica
and facilitate interpretation of results of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis in their spawning area, we examined the eDNA concentration released by each life history stage of artificially reared Japanese eels in the laboratory using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We also compared eDNA concentrations between before and after artificially induced spawning activities. eDNA was not detected from three 30 L seawater tanks containing each single fertilized egg, but eDNA was found from other tanks each containing single individuals of larval stages (preleptocephalus and leptocephalus), juvenile stages (glass eel, elver and yellow eel) or adult stage (silver eel). The eDNA concentrations increased in the life history stages, showed a significant difference among all stages, and were positively correlated with the total length and wet weight. Moreover, the eDNA concentration after spawning was 10–200 times higher than that before spawning, which indicated that the spawning events in the ocean would produce relatively high eDNA concentration. These results in the laboratory suggested that eDNA analysis appears to be an effective method for assisting oceanic surveys to estimate the presence and spawning events of the Japanese eel in the spawning area.
Although control performance of some fuzzy logic control systems in a nuclear power plant are analytically evaluated, there is no examples of the application to the actual plant. This is mainly because that it requires long time for careful tuning of parameters (membership functions) as compared with the case in conventional control system.We have studied the application of fuzzy logic controller to the feedwater control system in the FUGEN advanced thermal reactor. In order to reduce the controller tuning time in the actual plant, we limited the operational region for fuzzy logic control and used a weight instead of membership functions as the tuning parameters.A schematic model of the feedwater system in the FUGEN is used for the study of the tuning method. Efficiency of the developed method was demonstrated by numerical simulation as well as by the application to FUGEN.From the operational data of the actual plant, we confirmed the improvement of controllability by the fuzzy logic control system. KEYWARDS: fuzzy logic control, nuclear power plants, limited fuzzy control region, weight, feedwater controller, feedwater control system, parametric analysis, operating parameters (Fugen Nucl. Power Station, Power Reactor and Nucl. Fuel Dev. Corp.)
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