This article aims to study the reorganization of transportation network systems responding to the expansion of small cities by analyzing the change in accessibility caused by the change in shape and the system of the transportation means. This study assumes the following three cases: 1) to introduce key route buses; 2) to introduce LRTs or railways; 3) to introduce LRTs or railways and to reorganize the bus systems. The accessibility is measured by the minimum total expected value of required time from the residence to the downtown. The results show that the service frequency is a more important factor of the accessibility rather than the service speed, and that the case-3 is more effective for improving the accessibility.
This article aims at developing a new method to analyze the location potential distribution of retail stores, formed by population distribution and major road, and analyzes a case where a bypass exists in a local city to circumvent the urban area. The formulation of the potential using normal distributions, theoretical analysis and empirical application to Tateyama City in Chiba Prefecture showed the following results: not only population distribution but also traffic volume affects the distribution of the retail stores; the locations of the retail stores differ according to the relative relationship between the size and shape of the urban area and the traffic volume.
Arteriovenous malformation(AVM) is classified as either congenital or traumatic (acquired) in origin.Most cases are congenital, with traumatic AVM relatively rare in Japan.About 30 traumatic AVM cases have been reported in the literature, only 5 (16.7%) of these cases were caused by blunt trauma.We surgically treated a blunttraumatic AVM of the forearm which existed in the flexor pollicis longus muscle and obtained a satisfactory surgical result.
This article aims at formulating an indicator of centrality that consider a trip generation and trip distance in cities and at clarifying its expressibility by comparison with betweenness centrality and advantage of position in a virtual city with grid street networks. The indicator is obtained by integrating the number of trips on the assumption of moving behavior with exponential distance decay, and is formulated as the location potential.It can express various centralities according to the city size, purposes and means of transportation, and facilities for various age groups by adjusting the parameters to the actual travel behavior.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.