This study developed a frame creation model for innovation of meaning involving the designer’s iterative outside‐in and inside‐out practices. The model includes four types of frames: organizational frame, intrinsic frame, interpreter frame, and user frame. The model allows us to understand that an engineer have an organizational frames and intrinsic frames inside themselves. This distinction revealed that engineers could not generate ideas by mobilizing the intrinsic frame if they were adherent to the organizational frame. We suggest that understanding the interpreter frames enables the engineer to overcome adherence to the organizational frame. Additionally, the organizational innovation capability, underpinned by the design‐oriented innovation strategy, is also an enabler to mobilize intrinsic frames in a technology‐centered or solution‐centered organization.
Innovation of meaning (IoM) is one of the streams that has attracted attention in design thinking research. Inside-out envisioning aims to assist non-designer employees practice IoM in a similar manner to how visionary executives and designers perform. The process starts with exposing their intrinsic visions to innovate the dominant social or organizational meanings. This makes the employees' creativity that comes from intrinsic goals and values an important driving force of inside-out envisioning. Thus, it is crucial to foster an organizational culture that encourages employees to engage in inside-out envisioning and enhance their creativity. This study explores whether inclusion, as an organizational culture, is an antecedent of creativity in inside-out envisioning. Inclusion refers to a state in which an individual's uniqueness is valued by other group members and externalized to improve group performance. Based on data from a survey conducted with 1104 Japanese employees, this study reveals that inclusion significantly impacts creativity in insideout envisioning. A multigroup analysis demonstrates differences in the effects of the mediating variables of this relationship based on the successful experience of insideout envisioning. This study concludes that it is important for design thinking researchers to study inclusion more deeply as a way to implement inside-out envisioning.
Synopsis:Greyness of tin plates which were manufactured from semi-killed steel ingots was investigated. The authors could not find the influence of Cr, Ni, and Cu ordinally included in normal raw materials.The appearance of the defects was studied mainly by the microscopic examination and it was whether greyness in rimmed tin plates had the similar oxide layer or not, and the existence of that oxide was clarified. Finally, the differenoe of oxidizing degree of various low carbon steel was studied by annealing test, and the knowledge of the effect of chemical composition on oxidizing was examined.In conclusion, it was confirmed that the very existence of the thin oxide layer was the most important and direct causes of greyness.
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