Purpose Cultural heritage (CH) sites are not only important components of a country’s identity but can also be important drivers of tourism. However, an increasing number of extreme events associated with the impacts of climate change, natural hazards and human-induced threats are posing significant problems in conserving and managing CH worldwide. Consequently, improved climate change adaptation and enhanced hazard/threat mitigation strategies have become critical (but to-date under-researched) considerations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key hazards and threats to CH sites, the most common types of risks to CH and the strategies being adopted to mitigate or even eradicate those risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews 80 CH case studies from around the world, which have been presented at a UNESCO International Training Course between 2006 and 2016. The case studies cover 45 different countries and provide practical insights into the key challenges being encountered in a variety of “at risk” locations. Findings The analysis assesses the key natural hazards and human-induced threats to the sites, an overview of the typical impacts to the tangible components of heritage and identifies the types of strategies being adopted to mitigate the risks, some of which could be transferred across cultural and geographical contexts. Originality/value The paper provides a wealth of useful information related to how challenges faced by CH sites might be addressed in the future.
Natural disasters have damaged or destroyed many invaluable cultural heritages. How to mitigate these losses, however, is difficult question. If we cannot save human lives, of course we cannot save cultural heritages from disasters. This requires more sophisticated countermeasures than conventional disaster reduction methodologies. This special issue of JDR provides many examples of such mitigation in historical cities which have expanded with cultural heritages as nuclei. Cultural heritage disaster mitigation lies somewhere between the fields of cultural preservation and the disaster mitigation engineering. The first two review papers focus on the importance of protecting cultural heritage from natural disasters and the history of this issue from the viewpoints of both engineering and humanities. Twelve papers discuss engineering problems and the planning of cultural heritages preservation, cover issues such as the seismic performance of traditional wooden structures, the vulnerability of historical masonry structures, disaster reduction in slope failures around cultural heritages, disaster risk analysis at historical cities, fire prevention in historical cities, and urban planning taking cultural heritage into consideration. This issue closes with a tutorial paper showing the techniques and basics of cultural heritage disaster mitigation. It serves as a practical handbook on mitigating disasters surrounding cultural heritages and historical cities. We expect contributors to this field to increase in the near future due to the importance and urgency of cultural heritage disaster mitigation. We thank the authors for their earnest contributions and the reviewers for their invaluable advice on improving the quality of this special issue of JDR.
Many people stay and study at classrooms in a university campus, which may result in dangerous situation during and after earthquake disasters. This paper conducted fundamental simulations on evacuation from a disaster to improve the safety of the university campus. The results showed that the evacuation process had three stages related to the usage of several exits. The evacuation guidance was insufficient for some cases, whereas the capacity-enhancing of the doors had good effect.
Matsumoto Castle was built about 500 years ago and it has been designated as a Japanese National Treasure. It needs to settle on an appropriate evacuation plan for tourist because about 1,000,000 tourists visit there in every year. In the previous study, the proper evacuation route was examined. However, it does not reflect unbalanced distribution of tourists. Besides, it assumes tourists are divided into two groups near the stair of the second floor, but that would be difficult in an emergency. Therefore, this paper aims to consider the operational evacuation plan for complicated structure in Matsumoto castle.
The following article is based on the household information from Japanese Colonial Period1905 (Meiji 38 th year) to 1945 (Showa 20 th year ), in combination of literature analysis and historical research method, while the content is to investigate the forestry development of Alishan during Japanese Colonial Period with Japanese "carpenter" as subjects whose census record was registered at Chiayi City. In such a way, we will analyze the ancestral hometown of Japanese "carpenter," and areas they resided in Taiwan and their activity of life-support in Taiwan, so that we can put forth the migration process of Japanese "carpenter" cluster and how they support their life in Taiwan as well as their impact on Chiayi City. It is found from the study that the number of Japanese "carpenter" registered under building business in Chiayi City during Japanese Colonial Period amounts the largest, higher than the number of any other immigrating races. As learned from the registration statistics of census record, the age of these Japanese carpenters to Taiwan is mainly young and mid-life adults aged between 20 to 35, and they had respectively come from 45 first-level administration "ancestral hometown." As for Chiayi City, the phenomena of population migration and carpenter clustering were stimulated as of the forestry development during Japanese Colonial Period, and it is noted from the sources of information that Japanese carpenter is found with evident sign of relocating to Chiayi City.Besides, it is also found from the registration content of census record among Japanese carpenters that there is clear record of father and son relationship, brother relationship, and also carpenters from the same race or difference race with diverse nationalities "lodged" at the same household, forming the sign of group symbiosis, and the change has also affected the way of heritage. Keywords : Japanese Colonial Period, Census Record, Chiayi city, Traditional Craftsman , Carpenter, Japanese����, �����, ���, ����, ��, ��� 1.The aim and Method of Research The background and aim of researchThe source of development for traditional Taiwanese architecture can be traced back to the end of Qing Dynasty as its prelude when Chinese craftsmen brought skills to the Taiwan. From 1895 (Meiji 28 th year) to 1945 (Showa 20 th year), Taiwan was ceded and it began the time of Japanese Colonial Period, and then Taiwan was found full of Japanese imperialism with colonial theory and activity mode, while architecture of Taiwan had began to blend Japanese construction skills, which were of such impact brought along from the migration of "man." In the past, Chiayi City had attracted massive amount of immigrant population to the city in search for jobs as of the operation of Alishan forest railway (1912, Taisho 1 st year) as it stimulated forestry development. With Japanese colonial impact and operation, large number of Japanese residence, shrines, and other buildings were constructed; on the other hand, Taiwanese temples were torn down to construct many official resi...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.