The aim of this study was to examine the bone regenerative process from fibular periosteum in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups : a periosteum preservation (PP) group (n=15) and a periosteum removal (PR) group. In the PP group, the fibula was totally removed, but the periosteum and blood supply were preserved. In the PR group(n=5), the fibula was totally removed, including the periosteum. Radiological and histological findings were evaluated after operation. In the PP group, the increase in regenerative bone volume was highest at 1 week. At 2 weeks, the bone volume decreased transiently, but then continued to increase gradually until 4 weeks. There was little change after 4 weeks. The regenerative bone mineral density continued to increase gradually from 5 days until 8 weeks. In the PR group, there was no evidence of regenerative bone. These results suggest that the periosteum has osteogenic capacity and the peak of bone regeneration from the periosteum occurs around 4 to 6 weeks.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the potential application of a tetrapod-shaped artificial bone, Tetrabone (TB), along with collagen, in bone regeneration. Nine-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 60) were used. An 8 mm-diameter defect was filled with TB, collagen, or a combination mixture of TB and collagen, and left untreated in the control group. The results showed higher volumes of the newly formed bones in the combination group than in the TB group or control group at each time point by micro-CT analysis (P < 0.05). The TB group showed bone formation that extended from the existing bone. In contrast, the collagen group showed disseminated bone formation in the defect. Runx2-and TGF--positive cells were identified at collagen and TB surfaces. The bone formation of the combination group had characteristics of both TB and collagen groups. The combination group showed bone formation from the existing bone edge and in the entire part of the defect. Thus, the combinatorial use of TB and collagen would be an effective strategy for the treatment of bone defect.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of regenerative bone from periosteum as a new graft material for the repair of bone defects. Regenerative bone at 1, 4, and 8 weeks (RB1, RB4 and RB8) was harvested from the fibular periosteum of donor rats as graft materials. These regenerative bones were transplanted into the mandibular bone defects of recipient rats in the experimental groups (RB1, RB4 and RB8 groups). Normal fibulas (NF), which were harvested from donor rats, were transplanted in the control groups (NF groups). Immediately, 2, and 4 weeks after transplantation, radiological and histological findings were evaluated. Bone healing was observed in all groups. In particular, the height and width ratios in the RB1 groups were significantly higher than those in the NF groups, and RB1 resisted resorption as compared with the other bone grafts. The bone mineral density in the RB1 groups was significantly less than that in the NF groups. These results indicate that regenerative bone from periosteum is a useful reconstructive material. The properties of regenerative bone after transplantation differ depending on the timing of regeneration.