Thymidine Phosphorylase (dThdPase) is the rate-tissues expressed high levels of DPD (median >70 U/mg limiting enzyme that metabolizes 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine protein), while high concentrations of the dThdPase were (5'-dFUrd, doxifluridine), an intermediate metabolite of expressed in esophageal, cervical, breast, and pancreatic capecitabine, to the active drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra), while cancers and hepatoma (median >150 U/mg protein). The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catabolizes 5-FUra dThdPase/DPD ratio, which was reported to correlate with to an inactive molecule. The susceptibility of tumors to the susceptibility of human cancer xenografts to capecitabine, fluoropyrimidines is reported to correlate with tumor levels was high in esophageal, renal, breast, colorectal, and gastric of these enzymes. To obtain some insight into the tumor cancers (median ratio of > 1.5). In any of these three parameters, types susceptible to fluoropyrimidine therapy, we measured the inter-patient DPD variability for each cancer type was expression levels of these two enzymes in various types of much larger than the DPD variability among cancer types; human cancer tissues (241 tissue samples) by the ELISA highest/lowest ratios for dThdPase, DPD, and dThdPase/DPD methods. DPD exists in all the cancer types studied, such were 10-321, 7-513, and 2-293, respectively. These results as bladder, breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, indicate that measurements of the three parameters, DPD, hepatic, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancers. Among them, dThdPase and dThdPase/DPD, would be useful criteria for the cervical, hepatic, pancreatic, esophageal, and breast cancer selecting cancer patients suitable for fluoropyrimidine therapy rather than for selecting cancer types.

Generally, LN metastases are seen in a small percentage of patients with early gastric cancer with mucosal or submucosal invasion [7]. In recent years, the technique of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with regional LN dissection has been developed and employed for early gastric cancer [8]. In March, 1997, we began to perform LADG as a minimally invasive surgery for early gastric cancer. However, the feasibility of LADG for early gastric cancer and the associated clinical outcome of patients who undergo LADG for early gastric cancer remain unclear.We therefore conducted a review of patients who underwent LADG for early gastric cancer, in an effort to compare the operative times, intra-operative blood loss, number of removed lymph nodes, postoperative recovery, and morbidity and mortality rates of LADG and conventional open distal gastrectomy (ODG). Our research was aimed at determining whether the laparoscopic procedure of LADG for early gastric cancer is really safe and minimally invasive, and whether or not the LADG improves quality of life, compared with ODG. Patients and methods PatientsThe patients were preoperatively diagnosed as having an early gastric cancer located in the lower or middle third of the stomach, from the results of endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and examination of biopsy specimens. The indications for LADG were that: (1) the tumor was located in the middle or lower part of the stomach, (2) the invasion of the tumor was limited to the mucosal layer or the submucosal layers (SM1). Results. The clinical and pathological backgrounds of the patients in the two groups were similar. The duration of surgery was not significantly different between the two groups, but the blood loss in the LADG group was significantly less than that in the ODG group. The number of removed lymph nodes was not significantly different between the two groups. The times to the first passing of flatus, first walking, and the restarting of oral intake; the length of hospital stay; and the duration of epidural analgesia were significantly shorter in the LADG group. The morbidity rate in the LADG group was lower than that in the ODG group. Conclusions. LADG is a safe and minimally invasive surgical technique, after which we can expect a faster recovery.

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The results of this study suggest that absorbable clips are as safe and effective as standard metal clips for vessel and duct ligation in LC.