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Mesoscopic two-dimensional patterns, regular dots, stripes, and honeycomb networks are formed when dilute organic solutions of polymers are cast on solid surfaces. Dynamic patterns, so-called "dissipative structures", formed in the non-equilibrium thermodynamic process of solvent evaporation, are fixed as the two-dimensional polymer patterns on substrates. Some photonic and electronic applications of the mesoscopic polymer patterns are described in this article.

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We have developed a new high resolution glasses-less 3D LCD with head-tracking technology. The 3D crosstalk has been suppressed to less than 2% at any position of the viewer by applying a fine pitch barrier and proper aperture design to the display.

A 4.4-inch 2D/3D switchable full high definition (FHD) six-view 3D display with 3D resolution greater than 170 ppi has been accomplished. In addition to adopting low temperature polysilicon technology (LTPS), which is most suitable for high resolution displays, a new RGBW pixel arrangement using four-square sub-pixels has been devised. In 2D, a resolution greater than 500 ppi, accompanied with high luminance, has been achieved. A new liquid crystal lens (LCL) has been exploited for 2D/3D switching. By employing a special multielectrode structure and dedicated manufacturing process, an optical focal ratio less than 20%, which is essential for low 3D cross talk for a six-view 3D display, has been attained by adopting the LCL. In the vertical direction of the display, there is no cross talk increase when the viewing position is changed because of the new pixel structure. The strong focal strength of the LCL combined with a revised high-density multi-view design give rise to a wide 3D viewing angle greater than 20 degrees in the horizontal direction and minimum cross talk less than 10%. FIGURE 9 -Scanning electron microscope image of the column spacer for liquid crystal lens.FIGURE 10 -Focusing results of lenticular lens and liquid crystal lens for parallel light.

We have developed a wide‐view glass‐less 3D display using head‐tracking technology. In the head‐tracking system, the viewer's positions are captured by a real‐time camera and dedicated software and the 3D image is displayed with real‐time rendering relating to the viewer's positions. 3D crosstalk has been suppressed a low level by using an interesting multi‐pixel rendering method. 3D resolution above 170ppi has been achieved by adopting a high resolution LTPS LCD.

We investigated an autostereoscopic 3D display using a Liquid Crystal Gradient Refractive Index (LC GRIN) lens, called LCL (Liquid Crystal Lens) 3D display. The characteristics of the LCL 3D display are high luminance and switchable 2D and 3D images by switching between the states of lens and non‐lens. The LCL 3D display does not influence the 2D image quality. However, the crosstalk of the LCL 3D display is relatively high compared with other methods used in autostereoscopic 3D displays, such as barrier type, lenticular type, and so on. Therefore, we have investigated the reduction of crosstalk for the LCL 3D display.