Objective: Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are involved in lipid metabolism by intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids. Heart-type (H-) FABP has been reported to inhibit cell growth and induce cell differentiation, but to our knowledge the significance of H-FABP expression in human gastric carcinoma has not been elucidated. The aim of the current study was to examine the expression of H-FABP and its relation to clinicopathologic parameters and fatty acid synthase (FAS) status of gastric carcinoma, since gastric cancer shows increased expression of FAS. Methods: Immunohistochemistry with anti-H-FABP antibody was performed in 669 gastric carcinomas and 60 tubular adenomas of the stomach. H-FABP-positive and H-FABP-negative carcinomas were analyzed for their clinicopathologic characteristics and FAS status. Results: None of the adenomas expressed H-FABP, whereas 127 of 669 carcinomas (19.0%) were positive for the protein. H-FABP positivity was associated with the depth of invasion (p < 0.0001), vascular invasion (p < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001), hepatic metastasis (p = 0.0011), stage of the carcinoma (p < 0.0001) and FAS status of the carcinoma (p = 0.0476). A higher survival rate was noted in H-FABP-negative cases compared with H-FABP-positive cases (p = 0.0004). Conclusions: A subset of human gastric carcinoma expresses H-FABP and its expression is associated with FAS status, disease progression, tumor aggressiveness and poor patient survival.
Objective: To investigate the relation of liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP) expression to the clinicopathological characteristics or the fatty acid synthase status of gastric cancers. Methods: L-FABP expression was examined immunohistochemically in 667 gastric cancers, 60 gastric adenomas, and non-neoplastic epithelium contiguous with cancer tissue including normal foveolae, intestinal metaplasia, regenerative epithelium, and gastric glands. Results: L-FABP was positive in 38% (high in 9% and low in 29%) of gastric cancers. It occurred preferentially in papillary carcinomas, female cases, and in patients under 50 years. In gastric cancers, L-FABP expression had no intimate correlation with the FAS status, and it showed no relationship with prognosis and cancer progression as indicated by venous and lymphatic permeation, and nodal or hepatic metastasis. Gastric tubular adenomas mainly revealed low (22%) expression of L-FABP while intestinal metaplasia showed the most frequent (>95%) and intense L-FABP expression. Normal foveolae and gastric glands showed no or less L-FABP expression. Conclusions: L-FABP is highly and intensely expressed in metaplasia and in a subset of gastric adenocarcinomas, without association with progression, prognosis and fatty acid synthase status of the carcinoma.
A case of gliosarcoma composed of glioblastoma and liposarcoma is presented. A 70-year-old Japanese man was admitted to hospital because of dysarthria and aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a brain tumor located in the temporal-parietal area of the left hemisphere. He rejected any therapy and died of respiratory failure. At autopsy the tumor was well-demarcated with firm consistency and myxoid appearance, accompanied by necrosis and hemorrhage. Microscopically the tumor consisted of both glial and sarcomatous components, compatible with a gliosarcoma. Lipoblast-like tumor cells were identified in the sarcomatous area. Glial component was observed in the periphery and was diffusely positive for CD56 and S100 protein and focally for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Only a small number of tumor cells in the sarcomatous area expressed neurogenic markers. Lipoblast-like tumor cells were positive for S100 protein but negative for any other neurogenic markers. A significant number of tumor cells were positive for retinoblastoma protein (pRB) in the glial area, whereas only a few of them were positive in the sarcomatous area, indicating alteration of pRB in sarcomatous component. The present tumor is a rare gliosarcoma with liposarcomatous differentiation; alteration of pRB may play a role in sarcomatous transformation of glial component.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for measuring murine serum amyloid A (SAA), a representative acute phase reactant, were developed utilizing a newly produced monoclonal antibody. Two site-ELISA, in which the monoclonal antibody was used as the captured antibody, was sensitive enough to determine the SAA concentration in mice at the steady state. Direct binding ELISA, in which the sample SAA bound to the plastic wells was detected by the antibody, was simple and suitable for measuring the elevated SAA, but could not analyze the resting level of SAA because of the need for high dilution in plasma samples. Plasma SAA concentrations were measured in ten ICR mice on the day of purchase and at the end of seven days of ordinary rearing. The SAA concentration of one animal decreased from 1.6 to 0.5 mg/l during a week, while the others had no obvious changes. The plasma SAA of the ten animals after one week of rearing ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 mg/l with a mean of 0.47. These mice, two days after 10 microg lipopolysaccharide were given, had increased SAA values up to a mean of 300 mg/l, though with variations between animals.
An 18-year-old woman with abdominal pain was diagnosed as having splenic cysts by computed tomography scan. She had high serum levels of CA19-9 (2886.8 U/mL; normal value, <35 U/mL), CA125 (131.1 U/mL; normal value, <35 U/mL) and soluble IL-2 receptor (1490 U/mL; normal range, 220-530 U/mL). The resected spleen weighed 1050 g, was 14 x 28 cm, and had more than 10 macroscopic cysts up to 10.3 x 9.5 cm. There were numerous microscopic cysts in the spleen and several on the splenic capsule. The levels of CA19-9 and CA125 in the cyst fluid were 2165550 U/mL and 160400 U/mL, respectively. After the surgery, the serum levels of the tumor markers decreased gradually. The inside of the largest cyst was mainly covered by granulation tissue with a focal lining of epithelial cells, and the other macroscopic cysts had stratified squamous epithelium. The microscopic splenic cysts and cysts on the splenic capsule were lined by either attenuated single-layered or multilayered epithelial cells. The lining epithelial cells of these cysts were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins. CA19-9 and CA125 were detected in the lining cells of the splenic cysts. In the present case, it is suspected that the splenic cysts were derived from the capsular lining cells that showed migration from the capsule or formed microcysts on the splenic capsule, as in the case of ovarian inclusion cysts.
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